Software Testing Interview Questions

1. What is a Test Case? A Test Case is a set of steps, test data, conditions and expected results used to check whether a particular functionality is working correctly or not. Example: For a login page, enter a valid username and password and click Login. The expected result is that the user should successfully log in. 2. What is a Test Scenario? A Test Scenario is a high-level functionality or condition that needs to be tested. Example: "Verify Login Functionality" is a Test Scenario. Under this scenario, we can create multiple test cases like valid login, invalid password, empty username, empty password, etc. 3. What are Negative Test Cases? Negative Test Cases are used to check how the application behaves when invalid or unexpected data is given. Example: Entering an incorrect password or leaving the username field empty. The application should not crash and should show the proper error message. 4. What are Positive Test Cases? Positive Test Cases check whether the application works correctly with valid and expected input. Example: Entering a valid username and password should allow the user to log in successfully. 5. Relationship Between Test Case and Test Scenario A Test Scenario is a high-level requirement or functionality, while a Test Case contains detailed steps to test that scenario. Example: Test Scenario: Verify Login Functionality. Test Cases: Login with valid username and password. Login with invalid password. Login with empty username. Login with empty password. So, one Test Scenario can have multiple Test Cases. 6. What is Unit Testing? Unit Testing is testing individual units or components of software separately. Usually, developers perform Unit Testing. Example: If there is a function that calculates the total price, we can test that function separately to check whether it returns the correct result. 7. What is Integration Testing? Integration Testing is used to check whether two or more modules work correctly after they are combined. It mainly foc