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👋 Hello DEV Community! I'm excited to finally join DEV! I'm a developer, entrepreneur, and lifelong learner who enjoys building practical web solutions with WordPress, PHP, and modern web technologies. Over the past few years I've been working on: 🚀 WordPress plugins and starter websites 💻 Affordable web solutions for individuals and small businesses 📈 Web analytics and digital marketing tools 🌱 Exploring software architecture, clean code, and open-source development I'm also building and experimenting with digital products that solve real-world problems while documenting what I learn along the way. Here you'll find posts about: WordPress development PHP programming Building and launching web products Software engineering lessons Productivity and business insights for developers Occasionally, mathematics and calculus when it connects to programming or analytics I'm looking forward to learning from this amazing community, contributing where I can, and connecting with fellow developers. Thanks for having me! 😊

Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing how engineering teams respond to production incidents, offering the ability to summarize incident channels, analyze unfamiliar code, suggest remediation steps, generate pull requests, and increasingly assist with diagnosis. By Craig Risi

I tested the best webcams across various prices to find the top option. Here’s what I learned.

"Most people have completely forgotten how chaotic it really was."

From the omnipresent One Night Only trailer, you'd be forgiven for thinking that the movie glosses over its terrifying and absurd premise - in otherwise normal modern New York, single people can only have sex one night a year - to deliver an entirely traditional romantic comedy. I'm here to report that it does not […]

ElevenLabs now offers a Dubbing Translation API designed to turn multilingual video and audio localization into a single automated workflow. The service accepts a video, audio file, or source URL, lets developers choose one or more target languages, and coordinates transcription, translation, voice generation, speaker identity preservation, and timing alignment before returning dubbed assets. The central change is not simply another voice feature. ElevenLabs is presenting the pipeline as an integrated API operation rather than a set of services developers must orchestrate independently. Its Dubbing Translation API product page says users can dub and translate video in 90+ languages in one call , with translation, voice cloning, and timing synchronization handled server-side. For localization teams, that approach could reduce the application logic required to move from an original asset to versions for multiple language audiences. It does not remove the need for teams to assess translation quality, brand requirements, and appropriate use of cloned voices, but it consolidates the underlying production stages into one API surface. What the unified dubbing workflow does ElevenLabs' dubbing documentation describes an end-to-end sequence comprising transcription, translation, voice generation, and video synchronization. The Dubbing Translation API places those stages behind a single request flow, with the aim of retaining the original speaker's identity and the timing of the source material in the resulting dubbed output. That matters because dubbing is more than text translation. A usable localized video or audio asset needs speech that fits the surrounding media, while the voice and delivery should remain coherent for the intended audience. ElevenLabs describes its synchronization capability in terms of preserving timing and tone, positioning the API for workflows where the final media asset, rather than a translated script alone, is the required output. The documented

ElevenLabs has introduced Dubbing v2 , a rearchitected AI dubbing model built to retain a speaker's emotion, delivery, and timing while translating content across more than 90 languages. The update expands the company’s localization proposition beyond a basic language replacement: its documented controls cover dialect-specific accents, multi-speaker material, and background audio management for more complex video and audio scenes. According to ElevenLabs’ Dubbing v2 announcement , the model is designed for creators, marketers, studios, and broadcasters that need to localize video at production scale. It is integrated with ElevenCreative for one-click video localization and ElevenProductions, the company’s professional localization service. The central goal is preserving the original performance rather than simply generating translated speech. That matters for material in which pacing, vocal emphasis, and emotional delivery are part of the message, including marketing campaigns, creator videos, and professionally produced programming. Dubbing v2 is intended to synchronize translated dialogue with the source speaker’s timing and delivery across its supported languages. What Dubbing v2 changes for localization workflows The most practical additions are the controls documented for ElevenLabs' dubbing workflow. They give teams more ways to shape a dub around the source material and the intended audience, particularly when a project includes regional language variation or a mix of dialogue and sound. Localization need Dubbing v2 capability Documented control or workflow Regional language variation Dialect-specific accent selection target_accent , marked experimental Scenes with several voices Multi-speaker dubbing num_speakers Music, effects, or ambient sound Background audio management foreground_audio_file , background_audio_file , and drop_background_audio End-to-end video localization Integrated production workflows ElevenCreative and ElevenProductions For Spanish-lan

Incident management platform provider Rootly has published an account of its decision to drop its long-standing small pull request rule, arguing that the practice no longer serves its purpose now that AI agents generate most of its code. The company describes a shift from measuring PR size to assessing blast radius, with feature flags and rollback capability taking precedence over line counts. By Matt Saunders

Uno Platform 6.6 introduces Native AOT publishing across five target platforms, an optional Vulkan rendering backend, and automatic registration for the framework’s Model Context Protocol servers. The release also reduces XAML boilerplate, expands cross-platform WinUI API coverage, and improves accessibility and multilingual text handling. By Edin Kapić

"CSS Modules are fine after all." If you build web interfaces for a living, you have probably said this. After wrestling with runtime CSS-in-JS configuration, chasing specificity bugs across dynamic boundaries, or watching a utility-first framework bloat your markup, returning to the humble CSS Module feels like a relief. That isn't a compromise made for lack of features. CSS Modules win because they are predictable : the CSS you write behaves exactly as written. There is no runtime parser guessing your intent, no injection-order races between chunks, and almost no runtime JavaScript — just a class mapping object. But the safety has a price. You give up TypeScript-integrated styling, compile-time validation, dynamic theming, and seamless colocation. Plumeria is designed to eliminate this compromise. It matches — and in several areas exceeds — the predictability of CSS Modules, while delivering the type-safe developer experience of a modern CSS-in-JS library. The Zero-Trace Runtime Try compiling this — note that the style is actually applied, not left unused: import * as css from ' @plumeria/core ' ; const styles = css . create ({ box : { padding : 16 , color : ' red ' } }); export const Box = () => < div classStyle = { styles . box } > Box </ div >; Here is the entire JavaScript build output: export const Box = () => < div className = { ' xqqbxt1d xq96bg3w ' } > Box </ div >; The declarations move to a generated stylesheet: .xqqbxt1d { padding : 16px ; } .xq96bg3w { color : red ; } The style still renders, yet import * as css from '@plumeria/core' and the entire css.create declaration have vanished. This is not dead-code elimination — nothing in this file is unused, and no bundler could remove a live call for you. The compiler resolves the class names statically and rewrites the call site, so the library never has a runtime form to eliminate in the first place. That disappearing import is the most concise illustration of a Zero-Trace Runtime — anything that shouldn'

TypeScript Enums Are Still Controversial in 2026: Here Is When to Use Them and When to Reach for const Objects This article was written with the assistance of AI, under human supervision and review. Most TypeScript enum debates stem from a single misunderstanding: developers treat enums as a pure type-level construct when they generate real runtime code. This disconnect creates bundle bloat, unexpected behavior at runtime, and type safety gaps that only surface in production. Teams that reach for enums by default pay a hidden cost in every build. The enum controversy persists because TypeScript enums violate a core expectation: types should disappear at compile time. Unlike interfaces or type aliases that vanish during transpilation, enums produce JavaScript objects that ship to the browser. This runtime footprint matters when bundle size directly affects load time and business metrics. The alternative pattern— const objects with as const assertions—delivers the same developer experience without the runtime overhead. When developers understand the tradeoffs, the choice becomes mechanical: use enums where their runtime behavior adds value, use const objects everywhere else. Key Takeaways TypeScript enums generate runtime JavaScript objects that increase bundle size, while const objects with as const provide the same type safety with zero runtime overhead. Numeric enums enable reverse mapping and bitwise flags, making them valuable for low-level APIs and performance-critical code where runtime lookup is required. The const enum feature eliminates runtime code but breaks module boundaries and fails with external libraries, creating maintenance hazards in shared codebases. Const objects work seamlessly with tree-shaking, module systems, and JSON serialization, making them the default choice for API contracts and configuration. Migration from enums to const objects requires runtime validation at module boundaries to preserve type safety guarantees when data enters your s

npm has introduced staged publishing for Node.js, requiring maintainer approval before a version is installable. Versions are queued and must pass a two-factor authentication challenge for release. This feature aims to enhance security amid rising supply chain threats. It is available in npm CLI 11.15.0+ and Node 22.14.0+, alongside new configurable permission flags. By Daniel Curtis

The Scenario Every Developer Recognizes It is mid-2026, and you have a feature to ship. You open ChatGPT or Claude, type something like "build me a function that parses webhook payloads and routes them to the right handler," and wait. The model returns something plausible. You paste it in, run it, and it almost works. So you prompt again: "fix the edge case where the payload is missing the event key." Another round. Then another. Forty-five minutes later, you have code that functions, but you also have a conversation thread that looks like a debugging session rather than a build session. You never actually described what you were building. You just started building it. This is the default mode for most developers using AI coding assistants in 2026, and it is expensive. According to McKinsey's State of AI in 2024 report ( source ), organizations that adopt structured design and planning approaches before implementing AI tools report higher success rates and better integration outcomes compared to those using ad-hoc implementation strategies. The pattern holds at the individual developer level too. Jumping straight into prompting skips the step that makes prompting useful: knowing precisely what you want before you ask for it. The fix is not a better model. It is a different sequence. What Design-First Actually Means in Practice Design-first means producing a written artifact that describes your system before you write a single prompt asking an AI to build it. Not a full technical document. A tight, structured description of inputs, outputs, constraints, and edge cases. Think of it as the brief you would hand to a contractor before they start work. The contractor analogy is useful because it reframes the relationship: you are not collaborating with the model in real time, you are commissioning it with a clear scope. Here is what that looks like concretely. Instead of opening Google Gemini and typing "help me build a webhook router," you spend ten minutes writing this

If you've ever wondered whether that wild Pokemon you just caught has competitive potential, you've probably heard the term IVs (Individual Values) thrown around. IVs are the hidden genetics of every Pokemon — the 0–31 numbers baked into your Pokemon at birth that determine how strong it can ultimately become. But here's the thing: the game never tells you what your IVs are. You have to reverse-engineer them. In this post, I'll walk you through exactly how IV calculators work under the hood — from the official stat formula, to the nature modifier trick, to why you often get a range instead of a single number. Live Tool: Try the calculator at randompokemongenerator.me/iv-calculator — free, no sign-up required, supports Gen III through Gen IX. What Are IVs, Exactly? Individual Values are six hidden integers between 0 and 31 , one for each stat (HP, Attack, Defense, Sp. Atk, Sp. Def, Speed). They represent the genetic potential of a Pokemon and are permanently set when the Pokemon is encountered or hatched — they can never be changed by leveling up or any in-game action. A stat with 31 IVs reaches its maximum possible value at level 100. A stat with 0 IVs starts at its theoretical minimum. In competitive play, players typically hunt for Pokemon with at least 3–4 perfect (31) IVs , with some strategies deliberately using 0 IVs in Defense or Speed for tactical advantages. The IV system as we know it today started in Generation III (Ruby/Sapphire/Emerald). Gen I–II used a predecessor called DVs (Determinant Values) , which only covered four stats and worked differently — so if you're playing on Virtual Console or Gen I/II, this calculator won't apply. The Stat Formula (Gen III+) The foundation of everything is the official stat calculation formula introduced in Generation III and still used today: For HP: HP = floor(((2 × BaseStat + IV + floor(EV / 4)) × Level) / 100) + Level + 10 For all other stats: Stat = floor((floor(((2 × BaseStat + IV + floor(EV / 4)) × Level) / 100

Photo-to-cross-stitch conversion looks like a resizing problem. It is not. A pixelated preview can look convincing and still be frustrating to stitch. It may contain too many colors, lack readable symbols, provide no reliable dimensions, or become useless when printed. I built StitchFromPhoto to handle the practical part of that workflow. It turns an image into a counted cross-stitch chart in the browser, lets you tune the result before committing to it, and keeps the source photo on your device. The useful output is a pattern, not a pixelated image A cross-stitch preview only answers one question. It shows roughly what the finished piece might look like. A usable pattern must also tell you how many stitches wide and tall the design is, which thread color belongs in each square, whether similar colors remain distinguishable on paper, and how large the result will be on your chosen fabric. That distinction shaped the app. The color preview is useful, but the symbol chart, thread key, stitch totals, fabric dimensions, and printable pages are the real deliverables. What the photo-to-cross-stitch pattern maker does The workflow starts with a sample image, so anyone can explore the controls before uploading a file. It also accepts JPG, PNG, and WebP images up to 20 MB. The main controls are stitch width, DMC color count, and fabric count. You can choose a pattern from 30 to 120 stitches wide, limit the palette to between 6 and 36 DMC colors, and calculate the finished size for 14, 16, 18, or 22 count Aida. You can move between the original photo, a color stitch preview, and a high-contrast symbol view. The thread key lists every retained DMC color code and the number of stitches assigned to it. Creating and previewing a pattern is free. High-resolution PNG and print-ready PDF downloads are unlocked per source image. I wanted that boundary to be visible before checkout rather than hidden behind the final button. How the browser turns pixels into stitches The conversion pi

Every React developer eventually meets the same fork in the road. You write an event handler that reads state, pass it to a child or an effect, and now you must choose: leave it as a plain inline function and watch every render create a new reference — breaking React.memo , re-running effects, re-subscribing listeners — or wrap it in useCallback and start playing dependency-array whack-a-mole, where one forgotten dependency means the handler sees state from three renders ago. That second failure mode has a name — the stale closure — and it's arguably the most common React bug in production code. The fix has a name too: useEvent , proposed in an official React RFC in 2022 , and available today as useEvent in @reactuses/core . It gives you a function whose identity never changes across renders but whose body always sees the latest state and props . Both halves of the fork, no trade-off. This post covers the API, the three-line implementation trick that makes it work, how it compares to useCallback and to React 19.2's built-in useEffectEvent , real patterns, and the one rule you must respect (don't call it during render). TypeScript-first. The Problem in Thirty Seconds Here's the bug factory. A chat component sends a heartbeat with the current draft text: function Composer ({ roomId }: { roomId : string }) { const [ draft , setDraft ] = useState ( '' ); useEffect (() => { const id = setInterval (() => { sendHeartbeat ( roomId , draft ); // ⚠️ which draft? }, 3000 ); return () => clearInterval ( id ); }, [ roomId ]); // draft intentionally omitted — we don't want to reset the timer return < textarea value = { draft } onChange = { e => setDraft ( e . target . value ) } />; } The interval closes over the draft that existed when the effect ran — the empty string. Every heartbeat sends '' forever. Add draft to the dependency array and the closure is fresh, but now the interval tears down and restarts on every keystroke . useCallback doesn't help: it has the exact same depen

Classic Machine Learning Through the Eyes of an SRE — Part 3 The random forest is the first ML algorithm that made me feel at home. Not because of the math — because it's an SRE idea wearing a stats costume. Many independent workers. No single point of failure. Majority vote. If one worker goes weird, the fleet absorbs it. We've been building systems this way for decades; the forest just applies it to prediction. The problem it exists to fix Last article: a single decision tree is readable but unstable — small data change, whole tree flips, explanation rewrites itself. That instability is variance, and it's exactly what scared me about trusting one tree in production. The forest's move: grow hundreds of trees, each on a random resample of the data, and — this is the part that matters — force each split to choose from only a random subset of features. That second randomization is the whole difference between a random forest and plain bagging. Bagging alone gives you many trees on resampled data, but if one feature is strongly predictive, every tree grabs it first and they all end up looking alike. Starving each split of features is what makes the trees genuinely different from each other. The randomness isn't sloppiness. It's manufactured disagreement. The instability doesn't get fixed. It gets CANCELLED. Each tree is still jumpy, but they're jumpy in different directions, and the average is calm. What surprised me No new loss function. Each tree still minimizes impurity exactly like a lone tree. The forest adds zero new objectives. The entire gain is a bias-variance bargain: variance drops hard, bias barely moves. You give up readability and get back trustworthiness. Embarrassingly parallel. Trees are independent, so training scales horizontally — throw cores at it. Boosting, its sequential cousin, is the opposite: each model depends on the last. Map-reduce versus a pipeline. The smoothness illusion. A forest's decision boundary looks smooth, almost like regression'

If you're building — or integrating — a browser-based audio trimmer, the question that eventually reaches your inbox isn't "does it cut audio?" The real question is: does it cut audio correctly across the inputs we actually receive from users? That shift, from feature presence to behavior under fuzzy conditions, is what turns a demo into a product. This article walks through the QA matrix I use when reviewing client-side trimmers before release, with an emphasis on the silent failures that don't show up in a happy-path recording. The tool under review for most of this article is the Lizely audio cutter ( in-depth walkthrough ), but the principles apply to any browser trimmer that decodes via AudioContext or OfflineAudioContext . What "Trim" Actually Means Once You Leave the Lab In the lab, you upload a 44.1 kHz stereo WAV, drag two handles, click export, and verify the output. In production, users upload M4A recordings from iPhone Voice Memos, AMR files from old Android handsets, mono 8 kHz captures from cheap conference mics, and — occasionally — files renamed from .wav to .mp3 without re-encoding. Each of those paths stresses a different layer of the pipeline. The first thing to test, before any UI work, is the decode step. Browsers expose this through the decodeAudioData method on BaseAudioContext , documented on MDN's BaseAudioContext page . MDN is explicit about something engineers often miss: decodeAudioData detaches the input ArrayBuffer . If your trimmer holds a reference to the original buffer for "undo" and reuses it, you'll decode an empty buffer the second time around and get a silent result. That's a real defect class, not a theoretical one. The second thing to test is what happens when decoding fails. The spec says decodeAudioData invokes the error callback with a DOMException , but the browser-specific error messages vary. Chrome tends to surface "Decoding error" with no detail; Firefox appends the underlying codec name. Your QA suite should assert on

📑 Table of Contents Introduction Why We Created ValidX? Why Choose ValidX? 5-Minute Quick Start Multilingual Support Important: Null/Empty String Handling Thread Safety Supported Validation Annotations Quick Reference Table Basic Validation Identity Validation Financial Validation Education/Professional Qualification Network Validation China-Specific Validation Automotive Validation Book-Related Validation Mobile Device Validation More Validation Annotations Contribution Introduction ValidX is an open-source Java validation library focused on Chinese business scenarios, making validation simple, elegant, and reliable. Built on JSR-380 standards with 90+ specialized annotations for Chinese identity cards, phone numbers, bank cards, and more. 💡 Why We Created ValidX? When developing applications for Chinese users, we frequently encountered these challenges: Pain Point 1: Java Has Too Few Built-in Validation Rules, Far Less Than Other Language Frameworks If you've used web frameworks in other languages, such as PHP's ThinkPHP or JavaScript's Validator.js, you'll notice they come with incredibly rich built-in validation rules: mobile , idcard , zip , alphaNum , etc.—ready to use out of the box, simple and convenient. But in the Java world, standard Bean Validation only provides a handful of generic annotations like @Email and @Pattern . For common Chinese business scenarios—identity cards, phone numbers, bank cards, unified social credit codes—there's absolutely no support. This forces every Java project to reinvent the wheel: Writing complex regular expressions yourself Implementing Luhn algorithm for bank card validation Handling identity card check digit calculations Copy-pasting validation code found online Why can't Java validation be as ready-to-use as other frameworks? This is why ValidX was born. Pain Point 2: Scattered Validation Logic Difficult to Maintain As projects grow, validation logic becomes scattered across: Manual validation in Controller layer Busine

This is a submission for Frontend Challenge - Comfort Food Edition, Perfect Landing Mexico is our heritage. Yet, we have no family there to visit. That sounds sadder than it is. What it actually meant, for the years before my wife and I were married and most of our time off since, is that we had to go find it ourselves. No family kitchen waiting. No grandmother's recipe with an address attached. Just the two of us and a country that is ours and that we did not know. So we did what every hungry person in a new city does...we ate. Six cities, six completely different cuisines, and somewhere in there it stopped feeling like traveling. A tlayuda from a stand outside Santo Domingo in Oaxaca. An hour in line at El Yaqui with a michelada in Rosarito. Different food every time. Same feeling every time, and there is no English word for that feeling. There is a Spanish one. What I Built Sobremesa is the time you stay at the table after the food is gone, still talking. Not the meal. The part after the meal. That is the whole site. Six meals across six Mexican cities, and the thing it measures is not how good the food was. It is how long we stayed. Tijuana, one hour. Rosarito, two. Ensenada, one. Guadalajara, ninety minutes. Mexico City, two hours. Oaxaca, two. The page adds them up at the end. Nine hours and thirty minutes at six tables. Comfort food usually means a kitchen you can go back to. We do not have one over there. So the six tables became it. The stand at Plaza Santo Domingo is the family table. The hour in line at Tacos El Yaqui is the Sunday afternoon table. Each entry has the dish, where we ate it, one verified fact about the food, and one line that is just ours, from our experience. There is a form at the bottom where you add your own table and download a card of it, generated in your browser. Nothing gets sent anywhere. One static HTML file. No framework, no build step, no tracking, no cookies, no storage. Two fonts off Google Fonts and nothing else. Designed an