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Laravel middleware can be perfectly written and still behave unexpectedly. You may notice authentication running too late, permission checks failing, tenant initialization not working, logging middleware missing important data, or custom middleware executing in an order you didn't expect. In many cases, the middleware code itself is not the problem. The real issue is middleware execution order. Understanding how Laravel executes middleware is critical when building secure and scalable applications because every request passes through multiple layers before reaching your controller. Common Symptoms You may encounter problems such as: Authenticated users being treated as guests Permission middleware failing unexpectedly Tenant information not being available Request logging missing user details Rate limiting triggering before authentication Redirect loops after login Middleware appearing to be ignored completely These issues are often caused by middleware running in the wrong sequence. How Laravel Processes a Request A typical Laravel request follows this flow: Browser ↓ Global Middleware ↓ Middleware Group (Web/API) ↓ Route Middleware ↓ Controller ↓ Response ↓ Browser Each middleware layer can inspect, modify, allow, or block the request before it reaches your application logic. Because of this, execution order matters. Example Problem #1 Suppose you have two middleware: Authenticate User Log User Activity Your logging middleware expects an authenticated user. $user = auth()->user(); However, the log always shows null. Why? Because the logging middleware executes before authentication. The solution is ensuring authentication middleware runs first so user information is available when logging occurs. Example Problem #2 Multi-tenant applications often initialize tenant information through middleware. TenantMiddleware If another middleware accesses the database before tenant initialization, queries may use the wrong database connection. This can lead to: Incorrect data

submitted by /u/fagnerbrack [link] [留言]

Actually it happened in June of 2025, but the process has completed recently, though. After Apple had announced the support of OCI-compatible containers in the June '25 it took a year to complete development and implement full support of continers. Apple had published 1.0 version of own container manager ( https://github.com/apple/container ). And Microsoft had announced native support of containerization without Docker in Windows 11 ( https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl-container-is-now-available-for-public-preview/ ). Now Linux is a part of any major platform: Windows, MacOS, BSD and Linux itself. Knowledge of Linux is now part of learning any of these systems, at least for developers. And now you can rely on Linux based containers running everywhere. What it is if not a win!? What's also interesting. Linux can run other Linux distros and with this Alpine Linux could become the most popular version of Linux in the World It's the biggest win for the whole open-source software and I believe it should get into history books of technological progress submitted by /u/BankApprehensive7612 [link] [留言]

Spent the week deep-diving into my dev-publish tool, focusing on durability and orchestrator resilience. 21 commits across two repos, with a massive cleanup of the publishing logic and some much-needed architecture documentation. TL;DR There is a specific kind of satisfaction that comes from taking a tool you use every day and finally giving it the "production-grade" treatment it deserves. This week was exactly that. I spent most of my time in the guts of dev-publish , moving past the "it works on my machine" phase and into "it works even if the world is on fire" territory. With 21 commits and over 11,000 lines of code churn, I focused on making the publishing orchestrator resilient and the state durable. What I Built The star of the show this week was dev-publish . If you’ve ever tried to automate cross-platform technical writing, you know that the edge cases are where the real pain lives. I pushed 16 commits here, touching about 45 files. The diff was pretty wild: +6,926 additions and -4,289 deletions. That net positive tells part of the story, but the deletions represent me ripping out brittle logic that just wasn't cutting it. Hardening the Orchestrator The biggest win was a massive fix to make the publish state durable and the orchestrator resilient. In the previous iteration, if a network request to an API (like Dev.to) failed halfway through a multi-platform push, the state was... let's just say "vague." I spent a lot of time in src ensuring that the orchestrator can now pick up where it left off. I also documented the published-flag semantics and re-run resilience in the README. It sounds like a small thing, but knowing that a re-run won't accidentally double-post your article is a huge weight off my mind. I also spent some time on the "boring but important" stuff. I normalized how tags are handled to make them safer across different platforms and implemented a much stricter resolution for cover images. If a local image is required but missing, the tool now

One question I get surprisingly often is: "How do you manage thousands of AI prompts without losing track of them?" The answer is simple. I don't treat prompts as conversations. I treat them as reusable software assets. Over the years, I've created prompt libraries across multiple AI projects, books, research initiatives, and client work. That means managing well over 10,000 prompts covering everything from Python development and AI agents to content generation and workflow automation. If you're still storing prompts in random ChatGPT conversations, you're making life much harder than it needs to be. Here's the system that works for me. Stop Thinking of Prompts as Temporary Most people write a prompt, get an answer, and move on. That's fine for casual use. But builders rarely solve the same problem only once. If you find yourself writing: API documentation SQL queries FastAPI endpoints Docker configurations Code reviews Git commit messages ...you're probably solving recurring problems. Recurring problems deserve reusable prompts. My Folder Structure Instead of organizing prompts by AI tool, I organize them by purpose. For example: AI-Prompts/ │ ├── Python/ │ ├── FastAPI │ ├── Django │ ├── Flask │ └── Automation │ ├── JavaScript/ │ ├── React │ ├── Node.js │ └── TypeScript │ ├── DevOps/ │ ├── Docker │ ├── Kubernetes │ └── GitHub Actions │ ├── AI/ │ ├── RAG │ ├── Agents │ ├── MCP │ └── Prompt Engineering │ └── Documentation/ This mirrors how software projects are organized. Finding a prompt takes seconds. Every Prompt Has Metadata A prompt isn't just text. It's documentation. Each prompt in my library includes: Category: Purpose: Model: Input: Expected Output: Version: Last Updated: For example: Category: FastAPI Purpose: Generate CRUD endpoints Model: GPT-4o Expected Output: Production-ready FastAPI code Six months later, I know exactly why that prompt exists. I Version My Prompts Developers version code. Why not prompts? For example: FastAPI_CRUD_v1.md FastAPI_CRUD_v

For decades, developers were judged by one thing: How much code they could write. The best programmers wrote faster. Debugged faster. Built faster. That era is ending. The next generation of developers won't spend most of their time writing code. They'll spend it directing AI. Welcome to the age of the AI Orchestrator. The Evolution of Software Development Software development has always evolved. First, developers wrote machine code. Then came assembly. Then high-level languages. Then frameworks. Then cloud platforms. Then DevOps. Each evolution removed repetitive work and let developers focus on bigger problems. AI is simply the next step. But this time, it isn't replacing a tool. It's becoming a teammate. Coding Is Becoming a Smaller Part of the Job Building software isn't just writing code. A typical project includes: Understanding requirements Researching documentation Designing architecture Writing code Reviewing code Debugging Testing Writing documentation Deploying applications Monitoring production Fixing incidents Only one of those is coding. Everything else is coordination and decision-making. That's where AI is changing the game. From Programmer to Orchestrator Think about how modern teams work. A tech lead rarely writes every line of code. Instead, they: Assign work. Review solutions. Provide feedback. Make architectural decisions. Remove blockers. Developers are beginning to work with AI in much the same way. Instead of writing every function, they'll: Define the goal. Provide the right context. Choose the right tools. Review AI-generated code. Run tests. Improve weak areas. Approve the final result. The value shifts from typing code to guiding its creation. What Does an AI Orchestrator Do? An AI orchestrator doesn't ask one question and accept one answer. They manage a workflow. For example: Break a large project into smaller tasks. Give each AI the context it needs. Decide when to retrieve documentation. Decide when to search the codebase. Ask AI to g

I Spent 30 Days Comparing Startup and Enterprise AI APIs Look, I'm just a dude building a SaaS side project. Not enterprise, not Fortune 500, just me and a few friends trying to ship something useful. So when I started hitting AI API walls, I went down the rabbit hole of figuring out what the heck to do. And honestly? Most guides out there are written by people who clearly have never had to choose between buying groceries or paying for OpenAI credits. They're either too corporate ("here's our enterprise procurement guide!") or too naive ("just use the cheapest API!"). So I figured I'd write the guide I WISH existed when I started. And I'm gonna throw in some enterprise stuff too because I consulted for a bigger company last year and saw what THEY deal with. Different worlds, I tell ya. Let me break this down properly. Why I Almost Just Used DeepSeek Directly Okay so here's the thing. When I first started, I was like "DeepSeek is dirt cheap, let me just sign up there and call it a day." I mean, the pricing was wild. Like cents per million tokens. How could I lose? Then I tried to actually sign up. Chinese phone number required. WeChat Pay or Alipay only. No PayPal. No Visa. Nothing. And I get it, that's their home market, but for me sitting here in my apartment in the US? Absolute dead end. So I started looking at aggregators. Tried like four of them. Some had weird pricing. Some had models that didn't actually work. One of them straight up charged me for tokens I never used (still salty about that). Then I landed on Global API and honestly I gotta say, it just worked. Email signup, PayPal, and I could test DeepSeek AND Claude AND Qwen all with one key. That's when I realised going direct to providers is kind of a trap if you're small. Let me show you the actual problem with going direct. The "Go Direct" Trap Here's what happens when you sign up direct with various providers: Problem What Happens to You Locked to one vendor Your whole app depends on their uptime Paym

An investigation agent flagged "the license API PHP returns Japanese-hardcoded messages" and we sat down to fix it. But something felt off the moment we opened the file — the version running on the production server didn't match the latest commit in the local repo . Stranger still, production had more recent features than our local checkout . A bit of digging turned up the truth: months earlier, someone had hot-patched the production file in response to a different user issue, and that change had never been committed back to git . This post walks through how we detected that drift, and the two-stage strategy we used to merge production back into the local repo safely. How this regression silently slips in If we'd written the fix on top of our local repo and uploaded it to production, here's what would have happened: all the production-only improvements get overwritten and quietly disappear . In our case, the production file had a half-year-old language-handling addition for the "Early Bird Bonus" feature — when a USD customer buys, client_name is set to 'Early Bird Bonus' ; for JPY customers it's '早期利用特典' . None of that existed in our local git. A normal PR-merge-and-deploy cycle would have silently rolled back the Early Bird i18n logic , regressing English users' display back to Japanese. Catching this was half luck. Opening the file to start the fix, I noticed code I didn't recognize, ran git blame , and the lines were nowhere in git history . That's when alarm bells went off. Two-stage rollforward — make production the source of truth first The strategy we landed on was a two-stage merge. Stage 1 (rollforward sync) : Pull the production file straight into the local repo. Apply the diff in the "production → local" direction, not the other way . After this, the local repo's HEAD matches what's actually running on production. # Pull the production file into the local repo scp -i ~/.ssh/key layer2024@host:wpmm.jp/public_html/license/api/register_free.php \ /tmp/regis

OpenNG Foundation and spartan/ui 1.0 are the headline topics this week: a new home for libraries like Spectator and Elf, and spartan/ui, a stable shadcn-inspired component library for Angular. Also in brief: Storybook's Angular modernization through AnalogJS, the end of ng-conf, and AI Dev Craft in Las Vegas. OpenNG Foundation Maintaining open-source libraries is hard work. Developers often do it in their spare time, committing to years of maintenance, adding new features, and responding to user requests. Last episode, we reported that the ngneat organization was taken down for unknown reasons. While we still don't know why it happened, a new home has emerged for its popular libraries like Spectator and Elf: the OpenNG Foundation. Gerome Grignon, known for CanIUseAngular and as the organizer of Ng-Baguette, announced the foundation, which is already hosting these libraries. Alongside Gerome, the current OpenNG team also includes Dominic Bachmann, organizer of Angular Lucerne and author of the angular-typed-router library. OpenNG Foundation · GitHub OpenNG Foundation has 8 repositories available. Follow their code on GitHub. github.com spartan/ui 1.0 spartan/ui has officially released its 1.0 version. It provides an "accessible, production-ready library of more than 55 components" with fully customizable styling. After debuting in August 2023 with 30 primitives, it now reaches stable in 2026 with a modern architecture built around signals, standalone components, zoneless change detection, and SSR. Originally initiated by Robin Götz, a full team quickly formed around the project. spartan/ui can be seen as the Angular equivalent to shadcn/ui, famous for its customizability. While similar open-source alternatives exist, spartan/ui was the pioneer and has a proven track record of active maintenance over the years. Announcing spartan/ui 1.0 Robin Goetz Robin Goetz Robin Goetz Follow for Playful Programming Angular Jun 24 Announcing spartan/ui 1.0 # angular # webdev 8 reac

The Quest Begins (The "Why") I still remember the first time I faced a problem that asked for the sum of numbers in a sub‑array, over and over again, with updates sprinkled in between. It felt like I was stuck in a never‑ending loop of for i in range(l, r+1): total += arr[i] – O(n) per query, and with up to 10⁵ queries the solution timed out every single time. I was staring at the screen, thinking, “There has to be a smarter way to answer these range questions without scanning the whole array each time.” That moment was my dragon: a seemingly simple problem that kept biting me because I kept reaching for the brute‑force sword. I needed a data structure that could give me the answer in logarithmic time while still supporting point updates. Enter the segment tree – the tool that turned my O(n·q) nightmare into an O((n+q)·log n) victory. The Revelation (The Insight) So why does a segment tree work? Imagine you have an array and you want to know the sum of any interval [l, r] . If you could break that interval into a handful of pre‑computed chunks, you’d only need to add those chunk values together instead of touching every element. A segment tree is exactly that: a binary tree where each node stores the aggregate (sum, min, max, etc.) of a segment of the original array. The root covers the whole array [0, n‑1] . Its two children cover the left half and the right half, and this keeps splitting until the leaves represent single elements. The magic lies in two facts: Every node’s value is a function of its children. If you know the sum of the left child and the sum of the right child, the parent’s sum is just their addition. This means we can build the tree bottom‑up in O(n) time. Any interval can be represented as O(log n) disjoint nodes. When you walk down the tree to answer [l, r] , you either take a whole node (if its segment lies completely inside the query) or you recurse further. Because the tree’s height is log₂n, you’ll visit at most 2·log₂n nodes. Thus, building

Here's the thing: i Cut My LLM Bill 40x and Rewrote Nothing: A CTO's Migration Story Six months ago my CFO slid a single line item across the table. OpenAI: $4,800 for the month. I'd like to say I was surprised, but I'd been watching the number climb for two quarters. What actually surprised me was how little it took to bring that number down to under $200 without anyone on my engineering team writing new code, without a single regression, and without telling my customers anything had changed. This is the story of how we did it, what we evaluated, what broke, and what I'd tell any other CTO walking into the same conversation with their finance lead. The Real Cost of Vendor Lock-In I've been a CTO long enough to recognize the pattern. You pick a vendor. The vendor becomes the default. Procurement assumes you're locked. Your engineers build abstractions around their quirks. Six months later nobody can tell you what it would actually cost to switch because the switching cost has become invisible. It's just "how we do things." OpenAI was that vendor for us. GPT-4o handled our summarization pipeline, our customer support copilot, and a few internal tools I'd hacked together on a Saturday. We were paying $2.50 per million input tokens and $10.00 per million output tokens. At our volume, those numbers add up faster than you'd think because the output side balloons in conversational workloads. Here's the arithmetic that should scare every CTO: at $10/M output, every million tokens of generated text costs a dime on the dollar. If your product generates a 1,000-token response for 100,000 users a day, that's 100 million tokens a day, which is $1,000 a day in output alone. That's $30,000 a month. Just for one feature. The 40x claim I keep seeing isn't marketing spin. DeepSeek V4 Flash charges $0.18/M input and $0.25/M output. Do that math against GPT-4o and the comparison is brutal. Multiply your current OpenAI output spend by 0.025 and you'll get the rough number you'd pay for

Every sprint starts with optimism. The board is clean, the story points are perfectly balanced, and the team is ready to ship. Then, Tuesday happens. The CEO wants a "quick favor." A major client finds a critical bug in production. The marketing team urgently needs a landing page tweak. By Thursday, your pristine sprint board is buried under a mountain of "urgent" tickets that were never discussed in planning. This is Unplanned Work , and it is the silent killer of engineering velocity. Why Unplanned Work is So Dangerous It’s not just that unplanned work takes time. The real damage comes from context switching . When a developer is deeply focused on building a new feature, forcing them to stop, spin up a local environment for a different repository, debug a legacy issue, and then try to return to their original task destroys their flow state. A "10-minute quick fix" actually costs the company an hour of lost productivity. When this happens multiple times a week: Deadlines Slip: The tasks you actually committed to get pushed back. Burnout Increases: Developers feel like they are working hard but accomplishing nothing. Trust Erodes: Management wonders why the team can't stick to a timeline. How to Protect Your Team You cannot eliminate unplanned work completely. Bugs will happen, and production will break. But you can manage it. 1. The "Firefighter" Rotation Instead of letting unplanned work disrupt the entire team, assign one developer per sprint to be the "Firefighter" (or Batman/Support). Their only job for that sprint is to handle urgent bugs, ad-hoc requests, and unblock others. The rest of the team is completely shielded. 2. The 20% Buffer Rule If you have 100 hours of developer capacity, never plan 100 hours of feature work. Always leave a 20% buffer specifically for unplanned tasks. If no fires start, you can pull from the backlog. If fires do start, your deadline isn't destroyed. 3. Track the "Ghost" Tickets The worst kind of unplanned work is the kind that h

This is a nine-year account of building Rune, a new IDE for Go (Python and Rust are next). It started when my Vim's go-to-definition broke in 2017 and I decided to build my own editor rather than adopt an IDE. Happy to answer questions. submitted by /u/ernestrc [link] [留言]

submitted by /u/JohnTurturrosSandals [link] [留言]

You've probably written a CommandExecutor before. Everyone who's touched Bukkit has. Declare the command in plugin.yml , implement onCommand , cast args[0] to whatever you need, hope nobody fat-fingers the input. It compiles. It runs. It's confusing to debug. And it's the wrong way to do it in 2026. # plugin.yml commands : punish : description : Opens the punishment GUI usage : /punish <player> public class PunishCommand implements CommandExecutor { @Override public boolean onCommand ( CommandSender sender , Command command , String label , String [] args ) { if (!( sender instanceof Player staff )) return true ; if ( args . length < 1 ) return true ; Player target = Bukkit . getPlayer ( args [ 0 ]); if ( target == null ) { sender . sendMessage ( "Player not found." ); return true ; } // ... open the GUI return true ; } } Tie it together in onEnable() with getCommand("punish").setExecutor(new PunishCommand()) , add a separate TabCompleter implementation to handle suggestions, and you're done. Seems perfectly fine... totally not confusing at all... (if you understood any of that, you're doing better than I am :P) This implementation has many issues... like Bukkit.getPlayer(args[0]) only matching an exact, currently-online name. No selectors. No partial matching. You write all of that yourself or not at all. Tab completion lives in a second method you keep in sync with parsing by hand. Change one, forget the other, and tab completion starts "lying" to your players (a problem that has taken me HOURS to solve in the past... i'm getting flashbacks ;-;). And the tree itself is static, fixed in plugin.yml . Want /report to take a severity argument only when severities are configured? You can't say that in plugin.yml and you end up with a tangled mess that is almost never clean (either to you, or the players). Paper ships Mojang's Brigadier (the same framework vanilla Minecraft uses for everything) through a lifecycle hook: LifecycleEvents.COMMANDS . You register a tree of

When the enemy is in distress, exploit the opportunity to seize advantage. — The 36 Stratagems, Loot a Burning House Who's Leo — In the last story , he was CoreStack's backend lead — the guy who built the core system alone over five years with zero P0 incidents. Then a new CTO named James showed up, spent $8M on his old employer's product, and laid off Leo's entire team. Thirteen days later, that $8M AI system collapsed — three agents fighting over context, OOM taking down six GPU servers, a 37% order duplication rate, and 2,300 customer complaints. Leo pulled the old system off his laptop, flipped one line of Nginx config, and restored service in thirty seconds. The CEO called him at 3 AM begging him to come back. He came back. Three conditions: kill the paid AI product, AI assists only — never touches the primary pipeline — and engineers decide the architecture, not the guy writing checks. The CEO agreed to all of it. So who's Leo now: CoreStack's CTO. Technically confident to the point of arrogance. Zero talent for upward management. No idea how many people he pissed off on the board with those conditions. Doesn't care. He only knows one thing — the system he built is still running. That's all the proof he needs. Then a Slack message cut him off. The Signal 12:47 AM. CoreStack's CTO gets a Slack notification. The account has no profile picture, no display name, no status. Account creation timestamp at the bottom — 00:43. Four minutes old. Seven characters: Check CodeForge's status page. Leo taps it open. CodeForge's status page is all red. Payment Routing — Major Outage. Investigating. All customers affected. Status has been active for approximately 3 hours. He pulls up CoreStack's CRM. The sales team's prospect list has ShopStream at #2 — a potential whale, with "Current Provider" reading CodeForge. E-commerce platform doing 470,000 transactions a day . An hour of downtime costs them $210,000 . If this drags on until morning? He doesn't want to do the math. Core

Memory allocation of Express API request and it's data Who is the actual web server in Express.js framework Why Node js did not have network handling capabilities and how Node JS team implemented it All are covered in the Article submitted by /u/Ok_Stomach6651 [link] [留言]

Ajay Chankramath — author of The Platform Engineer’s Handbook — joins Kaspar von Grünberg to unpack why he wrote a 14-chapter, code-first practitioner's guide instead of another theory-heavy platform book. submitted by /u/goto-con [link] [留言]

Originally published on productize.life . Quick answer: gstack is an open-source (MIT) skill set that Garry Tan, president of Y Combinator, builds with every day. It turns Claude Code into a team of 23 specialists, CEO, engineers, designers, QA, and a release engineer, forcing every change through a multi-lens review before shipping. The point is not speed; it is taste written into software. Last week I was going through a repo that collects skills for coding, several of them. Most share one theme: helping AI write code in a systematic way, and faster. But one made me stop longer than the rest, called gstack, for two reasons. One: its owner, Garry Tan, president and CEO of Y Combinator, took the stack he actually builds with every day and opened it for free. Two: it does not sell "code faster," it sells "review before you ship." Once I actually opened it, it was not just a toolbox but one of the clearest examples of an idea I have been interested in for a while. On the day AI can write code very fast, the bottleneck of the work is no longer speed. I will tell it in three parts, starting with what it is , then what gstack believes , and closing with lessons for people who build products, not just people who write code . Terms, gathered here in one place agentic coding letting an AI agent run the coding work in its own steps, from planning to writing to review to shipping, not just autocompleting a line at a time. skill a packaged set of instructions an AI agent (like Claude Code) can call, like a shortcut that wraps one way of doing one thing. review lens reviewing one piece of work from several roles, for example as a CEO, an engineer, a designer. taste the sense and judgment of what is good and what is bad, what to build and what not to ship. The part that is still human. Part 1: What gstack is Garry Tan describes gstack in the README plainly, as the way he works. "It turns Claude Code into a virtual engineering team: a CEO who rethinks the product, an eng manager

If you're anything like me, your Chrome toolbar probably looks like a collection of tiny puzzle pieces. Grammar checker. Screenshot tool. Summarizer. Writing assistant. Code explainer. Translator. Email helper. At one point I had more than a dozen extensions installed. Chrome became slower, pages loaded later, and every extension wanted permission to "read and change all your data." Then I started experimenting with AI tools instead. Not everything was better—but some things surprised me. Here's what I learned after replacing most of my browser extensions with AI. 1. Grammar Checkers I used to rely on grammar extensions that constantly underlined my writing. Now I simply paste my draft into an AI assistant and ask: Improve grammar while keeping my writing style. The biggest advantage isn't fixing mistakes—it's preserving tone. Traditional grammar tools often make everything sound the same. AI can make your writing cleaner without removing your personality. 2. Article Summarizers This was probably the easiest replacement. Instead of installing a summarizer extension, I paste the article and ask: Summarize in 5 bullet points Give me the key takeaways Explain it like I'm a beginner What important details are missing? The last prompt is especially useful because summaries sometimes leave out important context. 3. Code Explanation This has become one of my favorite AI use cases. Instead of searching Stack Overflow for every unfamiliar function, I simply paste the code and ask: Explain this line by line Why was this approach chosen? Is there a better alternative? What's the time complexity? The answers aren't always perfect, but they're often enough to understand what's happening before diving into documentation. 4. Writing Commit Messages This is something I didn't expect AI to help with. Instead of writing: fixed stuff I can paste my git diff and ask for a concise commit message. Example: feat: add JWT authentication middleware fix: resolve login redirect loop refactor: