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Researchers are using machine learning algorithms to decrypt historical pencil-and-paper ciphers.

At GTC 2026, Jensen Huang said something that made a lot of people pause: the PC is being reinvented. He and Microsoft launched RTX Spark with the N1X chip, cramming petaflop-level AI compute into a desktop form factor. On the surface it looks like another hardware upgrade, but this time the use case is genuinely different. Previous PC performance gains served humans: faster rendering, faster compiling, smoother gaming. This round of compute improvement is largely aimed at AI agents. Agents need to run vision-language models locally, understand screen content in real time, and execute GUI operations. These workloads demand sustained compute resources with a load profile completely different from human computer use. Agents Need Different Hardware Than Humans Humans use computers in bursts: typing, clicking, waiting for responses. The load is pulsed. Agents use computers continuously: constantly capturing screenshots, interpreting the display, making decisions, executing operations. The load is steady-state. This means agents need memory bandwidth and energy efficiency more than peak compute. This explains why Apple's M-series chips perform well in on-device AI scenarios. The unified memory architecture lets GPU and CPU share the same memory pool without data transfers between them, which is highly efficient for model inference that frequently accesses large parameter sets. M-series energy efficiency also suits long-running agent workloads without thermal throttling. NVIDIA's RTX Spark takes another path: more GPU compute and more memory (128GB unified) to handle on-device AI demands. The N1X chip has higher total compute than M-series, better suited for heavy workloads. Different tradeoffs, same destination: AI agents running on the device in front of you. There's Already a Complete Agent Stack on Mac What's worth noting is that the on-device AI agent stack on Apple's ecosystem is already fairly complete. M-series chips at the hardware layer. MLX at the framework lay

StudyQuiz has moved forward since the first frontend MVP release. This update focuses less on adding major new features and more on making the app smoother to use, safer to change, and more reliable in production. What’s New Logout functionality Call-to-action section on the user dashboard Edit and delete functionality for questions and answers Guest Mode restrictions for editing and deleting questions and answers Integration tests for core backend workflows Improved Enhanced quiz user experience and feedback Improved quiz creation user experience Improved navigation across the application More reliable page reload behavior for protected routes Fixed Fixed 500 errors when reloading protected frontend pages Fixed production database session configuration issues Improved reliability around authentication-protected routes Why This Release Matters This release is mainly about stability and maintainability. I added integration tests and a GitHub Actions workflow so future changes are checked automatically before they silently break existing behaviour. StudyQuiz now feels closer to a maintainable product rather than just a working prototype. Coming Next The next major focus is slide upload and AI-assisted quiz generation, allowing users to generate structured quizzes more directly from their study materials. Repo: github.com/aissa-laribi/studyquiz Live app: https://www.studyquiz.co

Today I started Week 3 of the Machine Learning Specialization and learned about Classification. Until now, most of my learning focused on regression, where models predict numerical values. Today I discovered that many real-world problems involve predicting categories instead. Some examples include: Detecting spam emails Predicting whether a customer will leave or stay Identifying whether a tumor is malignant or benign I also learned about Logistic Regression. Despite its name, it is used for classification tasks. The model predicts probabilities that help determine which class an example belongs to. Another important concept was the Decision Boundary, which is used to separate different classes based on predicted probabilities. To reinforce my understanding, I completed the graded assignment for this section. This week feels like an important step because classification is widely used in real-world machine learning applications. 🚀 Looking forward to learning more about classification models and improving my understanding of machine learning. MachineLearning #AI #DataScience #Python #LearningJourney

Two Hypotheses In the contemporary discussion about artificial intelligence, two distinct hypotheses intersect and are often conflated. The first hypothesis describes AI as a thin client between intention and result. Historically, a chain of translators existed between a concept and an artifact. A person formulated a task for a programmer, the programmer wrote code, the code became a program. A screenwriter passed an idea to a studio, the studio hired a VFX team, the team produced a film. A composer worked with musicians and a studio to record a track. AI shortens this chain, allowing a result to be obtained directly from a natural language prompt. The second hypothesis is more radical. It asserts that AI washes out not only performers but also apprentices. The main function of many professions was not the production of the current result, but the reproduction of knowledge. A junior was needed not because he is useful today, but because in five years he will become a senior. A student was needed not to create value now, but to become an engineer. A doctoral candidate was needed not for brilliant papers, but to undergo the school of scientific thinking. The Destruction of the Apprenticeship Mechanism The classical model of competence growth was built on review. A junior wrote code, a senior dissected it, extracted the substrate of experience, and transmitted professional intuition. Each review was an act of knowledge transfer. The new model looks different. A person formulates a prompt, AI generates the result. If code of acceptable quality appears immediately, the economic need for a junior declines. Along with it, the mechanism through which knowledge was transmitted disappears. A structural question arises that goes beyond the labor market. Where will the next seniors come from if the intermediate link does not undergo the path of learning through mistakes and reviews. This is a problem of competence reproduction, not simply automation. The Transformation of Educa

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It contains something interesting about context windows. They’re natively scaling to 1M tokens with MiniMax Sparse Attention (MSA) , bypassing standard quadratic complexity by completely restructuring the memory access patterns at the operator level. Instead of relying on typical sparse approximations that degrade recall, MSA utilizes a clean " KV outer gather Q " approach. By treating KV blocks as the outer loop to aggregate hit queries, hardware memory reads remain strictly contiguous, and each block is fetched exactly once. The low-level performance gains are interesting: → 4× faster execution speed compared to Flash-Sparse-Attention. → Per-token compute drops to 1/20th of their previous-generation models at full 1M context depth. → 9× speedup in prefilling and a 15× speedup in decoding phases. Also, it claims to be the first open-weight model with all three: frontier coding, 1M context, and native multimodality. Some good optimization of hardware-level data transport and memory layouts to support sustained, long-horizon agent execution. Thoughts? submitted by /u/superintelligence03 [link] [留言]

Note: This post is a raw development log storing the exact prompts and responses used with the local LLM (IBM Granite-3.2-8B) to build the autonomous racing agent. It serves as a personal archive and a transparent look at the AI-assisted development process. Development Log: Autonomous TORCS Racing Agent Model used: ibm-granite-3.2-8b-instruct This log documents all the prompts and answers used in IBM Granite models for this project. 1. Initial Model Creation Goal: Create a robust, modular control system for the Corkscrew track. Prompt @snakeoil3_jm2.py @torcs_jm_par.py Act as an expert in autonomous vehicle control and TORCS simulator architecture. I am developing a high-performance agent for the Corkscrew track. Analyze the provided snakeoil3_jm2.py (for sensor/action interface) and torcs_jm_par.py (current control logic). I need you to rewrite the drive() function to be a robust, modular control system. Please provide: 1. Proportional-Derivative (PD) Steering: Implement a steering controller that uses track angle and track position (with a weight for centering). 2. Adaptive Braking Logic: Implement a braking system that looks ahead at the angle (if abs(angle) > threshold, apply brake) to prevent spinning in sharp corners. 3. Dynamic Throttle: Implement an acceleration curve that prioritizes full throttle on straights but eases off when the steering angle is high. 4. Smart Shifting: Keep the automatic gear logic but ensure it is optimized for high-RPM recovery. Provide the complete, clean Python function drive(c) ready to replace the existing one in torcs_jm_par.py. Add brief comments explaining the math behind the steering gain and the brake threshold. Response Here's a revised drive() function for torcs_jm_par.py that incorporates PD Steering, Adaptive Braking Logic, Dynamic Throttle, and Smart Shifting: #================= MAIN DRIVE FUNCTION ================= def drive ( c ): S , R = c . S . d , c . R . d # PD STEERING CONTROL steer_kp = 30 # Proportional Gain

Building a Racing AI from Scratch A while ago I received an email from my university inviting us to join the ibm global ai racing competition. Now that I'm finished with my exams I am going to give it a try. The testing ground for this project will be TORCS (The Open Racing Car Simulator). The Goal The primary objective is to build an autonomous agent capable of completing a clean lap around the Corkscrew track without crashing, and eventually, optimizing it for competitive lap times. The plan is to evolve the agent through a structured pipeline: Rule-Based Control (PID): Establishing a solid baseline using Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers for steering and braking. Machine Learning: Upgrading the agent to learn from its environment using frameworks like PyTorch to replace hardcoded heuristics. Optimization: Fine-tuning the parameters and pushing the physics engine to the limit. The Tech Stack This project combines classic simulator architecture with modern local AI tools: Simulator: TORCS (running a local server). Language: Python (interfacing via the snakeoil3 library to parse sensor data and output telemetry). Local AI Assistant: ibm-granite-3.2-8b-instruct . I will be using this local LLM (hosted via LM Studio and integrated into VS Code with Continue.dev) to help architect the math, tune the control logic, and create/debug the Python code. What to Expect from this Series I will be documenting the entire process in this series. I will share the exact prompts used with the local AI, the generated code, the mathematical reasoning behind the control systems (such as why a naive PD controller causes zig-zag oscillation and how to fix it with damping), and the iterative debugging process. If you are interested in robotics, control theory, Python, or machine learning applications in simulation environments, follow along. The first technical log will be published shortly, detailing the implementation of baseline steering and look-ahead braking logic.

Sometime late last year a company called Logical Intelligence developed an EBM called Kona. What do people make of the company’s claims that they have a close to functioning EBM. And if true, what impact would this have on existing AI? submitted by /u/Treey1234 [link] [留言]

When most people think about Java, they immediately picture enterprise applications, banking systems, massive backend services, or decades-old corporate software. While Java has earned its reputation in the enterprise world, that is only part of the story. Today, Java can run on devices as small as a Raspberry Pi, opening the door to hardware projects, edge computing, home automation, education, and hands-on learning experiences. Combining Java with Raspberry Pi creates a powerful platform for experimentation, learning, and building real-world solutions that go far beyond traditional enterprise development. Raspberry Pi teaches us about hardware. Java allows us to apply professional software engineering practices to that hardware. Together, they create a powerful platform for learning, prototyping, and building real-world IoT and edge computing solutions. Java Is More Than Enterprise Software Java's enterprise success has sometimes created the misconception that it only belongs in large organizations. In reality, modern Java offers: Excellent support for Linux and ARM architectures. High performance and low resource consumption. Modern frameworks such as Spring Boot, Quarkus, and Micronaut. Strong support for IoT and edge computing. Access to hardware through mature libraries. One of the largest developer ecosystems in the world. The Raspberry Pi highlights a different side of Java—one focused on creativity, experimentation, and direct interaction with the physical world. Instead of building another web application, you can build systems that sense, react, and interact with their environment. Java at the Edge One of the most exciting technology trends today is Edge Computing. Traditionally, devices send data to cloud services where processing and decision-making occur. Edge computing shifts part of that processing closer to where the data is generated. A Raspberry Pi running Java can: Process sensor data locally. Apply business rules before sending information to th

My paper is around 33 pages including but tpami guideline said it should be 20 pages Does anyone know which is correct? Its mistake it’s TPAMI submitted by /u/Alternative_Art2984 [link] [留言]

Four days into a new supplier's first batch, my invoice extraction agent had filed 31 documents with amounts shifted by a decimal. Nothing raised an error. The downstream system accepted every record. The agent returned a 200 each time. The demo had run on five clean PDFs. Clear fonts, properly formatted dates, consistent layout. The extraction agent pulled vendor name, amount, due date, line items. Every field populated, every output valid. I ran it for the stakeholder meeting and it looked exactly like something you would ship. Three months in, the agent had processed around 800 invoices without complaint. Then a new supplier switched to scanned documents. Slightly rotated, thin fonts, OCR doing what it could on degraded source material. The model found text that resembled amounts and dates, and returned confident structured output. 1,247.50 read as 12,475.0. A due date resolved to a valid date three years in the future. The confidence was the problem. The model had no mechanism to say it was uncertain. It just answered. Nobody caught it for four days. What I built after The problem was not the model. The model did what it was designed to do. Find structure in text and return it. The straight pipeline from input to output had no gate in it. The fix was not more prompting or a better model. I added a validation layer between the agent output and the downstream system. It runs synchronously, takes about 80ms, and checks four things: Every required field is non-null. Amounts parse as positive numbers within a configured range for that supplier type. Dates fall within a 90-day future window. Extracted totals are consistent with line item sums, within a small tolerance. Anything failing a check routes to a review inbox instead of the queue. A human looks at it, corrects it if needed, marks it resolved. The system logs which check triggered and what the input looked like. In the first week after deployment, the layer caught 23 documents out of about 1,400. Eleven were b

Third in a series of papers tracking learning rules vs. human fMRI (THINGS dataset, V1–IT, N=3 subjects). Previous finding: untrained CNNs match backprop at V1. This paper asks: when does training break that, and does the learning rule matter? Setup: RSA alignment measured at 8 checkpoints (epochs 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40), 5 seeds per rule, same architecture throughout. Main findings: BP drops 90% of V1 alignment after one epoch (r: 0.102 → 0.011, p = 0.031, consistent across all 5 seeds). FA drops 49%. PC and STDP drop only 25–31% and stabilise. By epoch 40: PC (r = 0.064) > STDP (0.059) >> BP (0.022) ≈ FA (0.019). Cohen's d > 5 for PC/STDP vs BP: extremely consistent across seeds. Opposing trend at LOC: BP shows a small increase in object-selective cortex alignment (+0.011) while local rules show nothing. Suggests a fundamental trade-off: global error signals build higher representations but destroy early ones. Degradation rate tracks error signal globality: exact gradients (BP) > random feedback (FA) > local prediction errors (PC, STDP). Limitations worth noting: 5 seeds caps permutation test resolution at p ≈ 0.031 Training on 32×32 CIFAR-10, evaluated on 224×224 THINGS, resolution/domain shift is a confound LOC increase not tested for significance, treated as suggestive Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2605.30556 Companion: arxiv.org/abs/2604.16875 Code: github.com/nilsleut Curious whether anyone has seen similar dynamics in larger architectures, the prediction would be that deeper models show the same pattern but more slowly. submitted by /u/ConfusionSpiritual19 [link] [留言]

I've been running AI infrastructure for startups long enough to know one painful truth: when you're iterating fast, GPU costs will eat your runway before your product finds product-market fit. Last quarter alone, I watched a promising seed-stage company burn through $12,000 on self-hosted inference before they had 100 paying users. That's not scale — that's a funeral. Let me share what I've learned about making open-source models production-ready without bleeding cash. This isn't theory. This is what I've deployed across three startups, and it's saved us roughly 70% on inference costs while keeping our iteration speed at hyperscale. The Real Cost of Self-Hosting (Spoiler: It's Not Just GPUs) Here's the thing nobody tells you about self-hosting. The GPU rental is just the headline number. The real cost — the one that kills startups — is the hidden infrastructure tax. Model GPU Requirements Cloud Rental (Monthly) On-Prem (Amortized) 7-9B 1× A100 40GB $400-800 $200-400 13-14B 1× A100 80GB $600-1,200 $300-600 27-32B 2× A100 80GB $1,000-2,000 $500-1,000 70-72B 4× A100 80GB $2,000-4,000 $1,000-2,000 200B+ 8× A100 80GB $4,000-8,000 $2,000-4,000 Cloud pricing based on Lambda Labs / RunPod / Vast.ai reserved instances. But here's the kicker — and I learned this the hard way after two months of burning cash on a 32B model that got 50 requests per day: Hidden Cost Monthly Estimate GPU servers (idle or loaded) $400-8,000 Load balancer / API gateway $50-200 Monitoring & alerting $50-200 DevOps engineer time (partial) $500-3,000 Model updates & maintenance $100-500 Electricity (on-prem) $200-1,000 Total hidden costs $900-4,900/month That DevOps line alone is brutal. At scale, you need someone who can handle model updates, handle crashes at 3 AM, and optimise inference. At a startup, that's either your CTO (me) or a contractor who costs $150/hour. Neither is sustainable when you're trying to ship. The Break-Even Math That Changed My Architecture Decisions I ran these numbers befor

In the previous article, we defined the forward pass for our neural network. Now, we will provide...

presenting a poster there, and have registration covered. but they are placing me on waitlist for travel funds. As my travel depends on whether I get the travel grant, I need to get this off of my mind, either invite me or just say no. I'm waiting forever for this, more wait again? should i ask for a decision, or what to do. submitted by /u/Active-Tip3130 [link] [留言]

I built CVE-Bench: 20 real-world CVEs across 18 Python projects (Pillow, GitPython, yt-dlp, urllib3, others), 5 frontier models, 3 prompt conditions, 300 runs total. Each agent runs in a sandboxed container and is scored against a hidden test_security.py derived from the maintainer's own fix. Binary pass/fail (a 90%-patched vulnerability is still a vulnerability). To better understand failure modes, I've tested three prompt conditions : advisory (full GHSA report), diagnose (exploit description only, no file or function), and locate (exact file and function, no description of the flaw). The three conditions test meaningfully different things. A model that does well on advisory but drops on diagnose can’t translate a behavioral description into a location in the codebase. A model that holds up on locate is recognizing dangerous code on its own. The leaderboard isn't the finding. Best solve rate is 50% overall, 60% under advisory. Cross-family separation (OpenAI vs Laguna) is confirmed under McNemar's test with continuity correction (all four pairs cross α = 0.05). Within-family gaps are noise: a power analysis puts the task count needed to detect a meaningful within-family edge at ~700. That cuts both ways: if the expensive models had a large true advantage, 20 tasks would have been enough to surface it. gpt-5.5 at 12× the cost of gpt-5.4-mini is not the rational choice. All four cross-family pairwise comparisons reach statistical significance at α = 0.05 (McNemar test with continuity correction, n = 60 tasks per model pair): gpt-5.5 vs laguna-m.1 (p = 0.015), gpt-5.4-nano vs laguna-m.1 (p = 0.017), gpt-5.5 vs laguna-xs.2 (p = 0.028), gpt-5.4-nano vs laguna-xs.2 (p = 0.040). Within-family comparisons remain far from significance; those rankings should be read as approximate. The failure taxonomy is the most interesting finding. Wrong-search drift — model finds the right file early, makes one incorrect inference, spends the remaining turns chasing it. Budget expires,

https://preview.redd.it/se5nr2z7tt4h1.png?width=3046&format=png&auto=webp&s=7db15b73afb749da236e5bb50ff96372f6a3239b Hi, Niels here from the open-source team at Hugging Face. It's been 2 weeks since I launched paperswithcode.co , a revival of the website we all loved. It allows us to keep track of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) across various domains of AI, from agents to computer vision and time-series forecasting. I've just added conference support as a new feature. The idea is that you should be able to easily browse all papers of major AI conferences like NeurIPS, CVPR, and ICML. As CVPR 2026 takes place next week in Denver, USA, I've indexed all papers with corresponding arXiv IDs. They are categorized by task, and tagged with linked GitHub and project page URLs, Hugging Face artifacts, and evals. You can also browse the papers which were accepted for an Oral presentation as well as the Spotlight papers. You can try it at https://paperswithcode.co/conferences ! Feel free to leave feedback. submitted by /u/NielsRogge [link] [留言]

A hands-on knowledge-distillation project: Qwen2-VL-7B → 2B for UI-screenshot understanding, trained, evaluated and benchmarked end-to-end on an M4 Pro. 2.4× faster — and why the teacher lost on ROUGE-L.