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Last month, I had a problem with a popular mobile banking app in Southeast Asia. Nothing exotic. A transaction didn't go through, and my support ticket had been sitting untouched for two weeks. So I opened the app's chatbot. It greeted me warmly, asked how it could help, and then couldn't do a single useful thing. It couldn't look up my transaction. It couldn't check the status of my ticket. It couldn't tell me why my issue was unresolved. It could answer FAQ questions, and that was it. I called the hotline instead. Spent an hour navigating prompts, got bounced between menus, and every path ended the same way: "Please contact our chatbot or check your existing ticket." The system was built for deflection, not resolution. The ticket that nobody had touched for fourteen days. I gave up. And somewhere in that company's dashboard, my interaction counted as a successful AI chatbot deflection. The uncomfortable part: if you shipped a deflection-optimized bot this quarter, a customer somewhere is living this exact loop right now. Your dashboard is calling it a win. The Deflection Metric Everyone Loves (and Nobody Questions) Deflection rate measures the percentage of customer contacts handled without a human agent. It's cheap to track, easy to celebrate, and it maps directly to cost savings. Industry benchmarks citing McKinsey's 2026 service operations data put AI resolutions at $0.62 per ticket versus $7.40 for human agents. That's a 12x cost difference. Of course executives love this number. But deflection doesn't measure whether the customer's problem got solved. It measures whether the customer stopped asking. Those are very different things. This is Goodhart's Law applied to customer experience: when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. Deflection is cheap and easy to optimize. Resolution is hard and expensive to track. So companies optimize the proxy and stop looking at the goal. Gartner data, as reported by Forbes , confirms the gap: only 14% o

Over the past year, one concept has fundamentally changed how I think about AI applications. Not larger language models. Not better prompts. Not even AI agents. It's Model Context Protocol (MCP) . For a long time, most AI applications lived inside a closed environment. They could generate text, answer questions, or write code, but they couldn't easily interact with external systems. MCP changes that. It provides a standardized way for AI models to communicate with tools, databases, APIs, and applications. Instead of building custom integrations for every project, developers can expose capabilities through MCP servers. After experimenting with different workflows, these are five MCP servers that have had the biggest impact on how I build AI applications. 1. GitHub MCP Server If you're building software with AI, GitHub integration is one of the most valuable capabilities you can add. Imagine asking an AI assistant to: Read a repository Review pull requests Search issues Create commits Open new issues Inspect project structure Instead of manually copying files into ChatGPT, the AI can interact directly with your repository. For developers, this dramatically improves productivity. Typical workflow: Developer Request ↓ GitHub MCP Server ↓ Repository ↓ LLM ↓ Action or Response This is far more scalable than copying snippets of code into prompts. 2. Filesystem MCP Server Almost every AI workflow eventually needs access to local files. Examples include: Reading documentation Editing Markdown Creating reports Refactoring code Updating configuration files Without an MCP server, these tasks often require multiple manual steps. With a Filesystem MCP server, an AI application can safely interact with project directories. For example: Read: /docs/api.md Update: /src/routes.py Create: /reports/summary.md This makes AI assistants feel much more like development partners. 3. PostgreSQL MCP Server One limitation of traditional chatbots is that they don't know your data. Connecting an

We're upgrading Crawlberg to a new version: Crawlberg v1.0.0. It builds on the previous kreuzcrawl. It declares the public API frozen under the new project name. All technical features below shipped in v0.3.0 (2026-06-23); v1.0.0 is a stability declaration and rename, not a new feature release. The four production-facing changes most likely to require operational action: Package and env var rename - every artifact identifier has changed; see the migration table. SSRF defense is now on by default - internal crawl targets (localhost, RFC 1918, cloud metadata) will fail without CRAWLBERG_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORK=1 . CrawlError::WafBlocked is now a struct variant - exhaustive match arms will not compile until updated. max_retries semantics changed - off-by-one fixed; max_retries=3 now produces exactly 3 retries. Precompiled binaries cover Linux (x86_64/aarch64), macOS (ARM64 and x86_64), and Windows x64. Homebrew bottles and Docker images on GHCR are also available. What Is Crawlberg? Crawlberg is a web crawling engine written primarily in Rust that exposes a single consistent API across 14 language runtimes. It handles HTTP transport, JavaScript rendering, robots.txt compliance, per-domain rate limiting, SSRF safety, and structured extraction. Extension points ( Frontier , RateLimiter , CrawlStore , EventEmitter , ContentFilter , WafClassifier , ProxyProvider ) are injectable traits; wire in your own frontier, storage backend, or proxy pool without forking the engine. A single scrape() call returns text, metadata, links, images, assets, JSON-LD, Open Graph tags, hreflang, favicons, headings, response headers, and clean HTML→Markdown. When a site requires JavaScript, the optional headless browser tier handles it transparently. v1.0.0 promotes v1.0.0-rc.2 and freezes the public API under the new project name. The features described in the sections below represent the platform that 1.0.0 declares stable; they shipped in v0.3.0. What v1.0.0 Declares Stable These capabilities

Key takeaways Summarizing conversation history can reduce costs by up to 60%. Implementing an effective summarization algorithm is key to efficiency. Balancing detail and brevity in summaries is crucial for context. Optimized context windows lead to faster response times and lower latency. The problem Startups leveraging large language models (LLMs) often face significant costs associated with managing context windows during conversations. Each token processed incurs a cost, and as conversations grow, replaying entire histories can lead to runaway expenses. Founders and engineers encounter this issue particularly during customer support interactions or chatbots, where lengthy dialogues require constant context retention, drastically inflating operational costs. What we found Our research indicates that instead of replaying the entire conversation history, summarizing the dialogue can maintain context while drastically reducing token usage. By distilling key points and intents into a concise summary, we can effectively minimize the number of tokens processed, leading to major cost savings without sacrificing the quality of interaction. This non-obvious insight repositions how we approach conversation management in LLMs. How to implement it Start by selecting a summarization algorithm suitable for your use case. Techniques like extractive summarization (e.g., using TextRank) can identify and retain essential sentences from conversations, while abstractive methods (e.g., fine-tuning a transformer model) rephrase the content. Next, integrate this summarization step into your workflow: after each interaction, generate a summary that captures the main points. Ensure that the summary is stored and utilized as context for subsequent interactions, replacing the need for the entire conversation history. Monitor token usage before and after implementation to quantify cost savings. How this makes life easier By summarizing conversation history, startups can see a reduction in c

When the enemy is too strong to attack directly, attack what they hold dear. They will come to you...

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Comparing the most feature-rich React data grids in 2026, from pivot tables and tree data to...

Two things happened this month and they tell you everything about where AI is actually going. Coinbase quietly cut its AI bill nearly in half. Open models, smarter routing, better caching. No drama. A finance footnote that happens to be a glimpse of the future. And Dario Amodei published another essay. Not a tweet. An essay. The kind of sprawling, twenty-thousand-word civilizational scripture he keeps handing down from the mount. This one is called "Policy on the AI Exponential," and the gist is that AI is about to hand humanity "almost unimaginable power," that our institutions are too immature to hold it, and that therefore the government should be able to test, gate, and block frontier models before mere mortals get hurt. One of these is a price cut. The other is a prophecy. I want to talk about the prophecy. The robes Let me be fair before I am not. Dario is not a dumb man and he is not a fraud. He runs one of the best labs in the world. The safety concerns are not all imaginary. Misuse is real. I am not the guy arguing that anyone should be able to download a bioweapon recipe for a laugh. If that is the bar, sure, regulate it. Nobody serious disagrees. But watch the move he keeps making. Every few months the prophet descends with a new text. The stakes are always civilizational. The language is always biblical. "Unimaginable power." A "decent possibility" of "significant enduring job loss." Disruption that will be "unusually painful." Humanity handed a force it is not mature enough to wield. He is not describing a product roadmap. He is describing a flood. And conveniently, he is also selling the ark. That is the part that should make you tilt your head. Read the actual proposal Strip the poetry off "Policy on the AI Exponential" and here is the machinery underneath. Mandatory third-party testing for any model above a compute threshold. Authorized evaluators. Security standards. Incident reporting. Government authority to block or reverse a deployment that fail

Labeled break/continue is now live across the entire Cx language stack. From the lexer to the JIT, two commits streamlined the implementation into a complete vertical slice. No parts left out, no corners cut—everything just works. The lexer seam If you're handling character literals and labels in the same codebase, you'll know what a pain this can be. We opted for a Rust-like syntax: 'ident for labels, with no closing quote. The label regex sits right after LiteralChar in the logos enum. Thanks to longest-match, 'x' becomes a char literal, while 'outer is parsed as a label. Escape sequences? They can't match labels because they have a backslash, making 'x' always look cleaner in code. A test fixture ( t_char_literal_guard ) ensures this order and regex integrity hold. Change the lexer rules, and it'll catch any mistakes immediately. Two-commit split We didn't cram this into a single mega-commit. No, we split it into two. Commit f94c6a5 laid down the frontend groundwork—adding the Label token, allowing loops and breaks to carry optional labels, and rejecting any misuse with semantic checks. The interpreter and JIT, however, initially took a back seat, guarding themselves against mislabeled jumps. Then came commit 0f56f1e , which wiped out these guards and enabled real execution on backends. Now all parses and semantic checks play nicely without rogue labeled breaks sneaking into the wrong loops. Interpreter changes The interpreter now handles BreakSignal and ContinueSignal carrying labels. Loops catch these signals when the label is either absent (defaulting to the innermost loop) or matches their own. The difference from before? Zero unlabelled break/continue behavior change while facilitating outward jumps. JIT changes The JIT saw more extensive adjustments, gaining a label field within LoopContext . Push and pop that context on a stack, trace it through lowering calls, and you've got labeled jumps pinpointed. The unlabeled jumps? They get the same treatment as bef

Your AI coding agent writes something that looks right. It compiles in your head. Then you notice it called user.getProfileById() — a method that doesn't exist anywhere in your codebase. You didn't ask it to make that up. It invented it confidently, in the middle of otherwise-fine code. And that's the worst kind of wrong: not obviously broken, just quietly incorrect in a way you have to catch. If you've run Claude Code, Cursor, or any agent on a real repo, you know this one. Here's why it happens — and why the obvious fix doesn't work. The fix everyone tries first (and why it fails) You reword the prompt. You add "Don't make up functions." It behaves… for one file. Then it does it again. So you add "Only use methods that exist in the provided code." Better for a bit. Then two more sentences — and now your prompt is fifteen rules long and it still invents a method the moment the task gets complex. Here's the part nobody tells you: rewording treats a structural problem as a vocabulary problem. A prompt isn't a contract the model reads once and obeys. It's something the model has to hold in working memory while it reasons about your actual task. A flat list of fifteen rules is unholdable. As the work gets harder, the model spends its attention on the code and quietly drops whichever rule wasn't front-of-mind. "Don't invent methods" is usually rule #11. Under load, it falls out. You can't out-word that. A sixteenth rule just gives it one more thing to drop. The actual cause: shape, not wording The agent invents a method because nothing in the prompt's structure requires it to check. You told it what not to do. You never changed what it actually does, step by step. So stop forbidding the bad thing. Remove the opportunity for it. Instead of a rule it has to remember, make grounding a required step it has to perform. Before — a pile of rules:You are an expert engineer. Write clean code. Follow our conventions. Don't make up functions. Only use methods that exist. Handle er

Most of the web's foundational moments have vanished. The servers were unplugged, the code was lost, the pages 404'd into history. But the first website ever published is a striking exception: you can still read it today, more or less as it appeared when it went live on August 6, 1991. It is a plain, text-only page with a white background and blue hyperlinks, and it explains a brand-new idea called the World Wide Web. One page that described itself The author was Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist working at CERN, the particle physics laboratory near Geneva. By the end of 1990 he had quietly assembled the three technologies that still define the web: HTML for writing pages, HTTP for moving them between machines, and the URL for addressing any document on any server. The first website, hosted at the address info.cern.ch , was the web explaining itself - what hypertext was, how to browse it, and how to make your own pages. It ran on a NeXT computer, the sleek black workstation designed by Steve Jobs's company during his years away from Apple. That single machine was the entire World Wide Web for a while. A handwritten label was stuck to its case: "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!" One unplugged cable would have taken the whole web offline. Why a 1991 web page still matters to IoT It is easy to file this under nostalgia, but the first website is more than a museum piece. It is the origin point of the request-and-response model that quietly powers almost everything connected today. When an ESP32 sensor node pushes a reading to a cloud dashboard, when a smart meter checks in with a server, or when you open an app to see whether your device is online, the same basic conversation is happening: a client asks a question over HTTP, a server answers, and a URL says where to look. Berners-Lee made a deliberate choice that turned out to matter enormously. He kept the standards open and unlicensed. Anyone could implement a browser or a server without pa

What happens when thousands of people decide they're hungry at the exact same time? The Quiet Before the Storm 10:00 PM. The numbers are gentle tonight. One hundred eighty-nine requests trickle in. Someone in Lagos is ordering late-night suya. A rider in Ibadan is wrapping up his last delivery. In Bangladesh, someone is just discovering us for the first time. By 11:00 PM , things get quiet. Just 8 requests. The platform takes a breath. 2:00 AM. A mystery. 151 requests spike out of nowhere. We check the logs. Nothing unusual. Just a group of night owls ordering food, maybe shift workers, maybe students pulling an all-nighter. The beauty of a platform is we're always on, always ready. 7:00 AM. Good morning, Nigeria. Fifty-five requests. People waking up, checking their wallets, planning their day. The coffee hasn't even brewed yet, but the platform is already humming. The Morning Rush 9:00 AM. 315 requests. The workday begins. Offices buzz with conversations about lunch plans. If someone searches "foodmat site" for the third time this week, they're getting closer to finding us. A corporate client logs in to set up their employee meal program for the first time. By 10:00 AM , the traffic settles to 50 requests. A calm before the real storm. 11:00 AM. 173 requests. The hunger is building. People are making decisions about what to eat, where to order, and which vendor to choose. Our World Cup campaign notifications ping. Someone shares their referral code. The viral loop begins. The Lunch Explosion 12:00 PM. 321 requests. It's happening. The platform comes alive. 1:00 PM. 339 requests. The peak is building. Our servers are handling it smoothly. This is where the magic happens when thousands of people decide they're hungry at the exact same time. 2:00 PM. 289 requests. Still going strong. Vendor dashboards refresh. Riders accept orders. Laundry bookings come in alongside food deliveries. If someone cancels an order with a reason, we take note. Every interaction teaches us

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submitted by /u/HHalo6 [link] [留言]

Most teams reach for Temporal when they need coordination guarantees.The tradeoff is rewriting your entire codebase to be deterministic and learning a new programming paradigm. Redis SETNX wasn't giving me correctness guarantees. You can make your own coordination primitive on postgres Like I did for my payments service Full writeup: https://statecraft.hashnode.dev/you-don-t-need-temporal-you-need-postgres Edit: i formatted poorly and the bracket became a part of the link it's fixed submitted by /u/munch_muffin_solas [link] [留言]

Why console.log() can be misleading in browser DevTools: live object references, promises that look different when expanded later, logs changing timing-sensitive behavior, stale React state after updates, and source maps pointing at surprising line numbers. submitted by /u/OtherwisePush6424 [link] [留言]

A few months ago, if someone had asked me to build a mobile app, I would've had absolutely no idea where to start. Today, an app I built is on the Google Play Store. It's called Stulo, and it's currently in closed testing. The funny part? I'm not a software engineer. I'm just a college student who got tired of missing opportunities. Internships were on LinkedIn, hackathons were buried somewhere on Instagram, college events lived inside WhatsApp groups, and competitions were scattered across random websites. If the algorithm didn't like you that day, you simply never found them. That felt... ridiculous. So I asked myself, "Why isn't there one place where students can find everything?" That simple question eventually became Stulo. Today, students can discover internships, hackathons, competitions, campus events, connect with other students, and share updates through a campus feed—all in one app. The biggest lie I believed was that building the app would be the hard part. It wasn't. Understanding why it wasn't working was. I built the first version using Emergent because, honestly, I didn't know enough to start from scratch. It got me surprisingly far. As the project became more serious, I moved development to Google AI Studio (Antigravity). That's when I learned something every AI-generated YouTube thumbnail forgets to mention: AI doesn't build products. It generates code. There's a huge difference. AI happily writes hundreds of lines of code, but it doesn't explain why your images randomly stop rendering after ten minutes, why scrolling suddenly feels like you're using a phone from 2013, or why fixing one bug somehow creates three completely unrelated bugs. Most days followed the exact same routine: generate code, run the app, watch something break, Google the error, ask AI, read Stack Overflow, realize the problem was my own code, and repeat. Some bugs took ten minutes to fix, while others stole an entire weekend. Looking back, one of the biggest things I learned wa

C is over 50 years old. Yet it still powers: Linux Embedded Systems Compilers Databases Device Drivers Why? Because it offers something very few languages do: Speed + Control + Portability 1. Fast Execution C compiles directly into machine code. That means very little runtime overhead and excellent performance. 2. Portability Well-written C code can be recompiled on Windows, Linux, and macOS with minimal changes. 3. Direct Memory Access Pointers allow precise control over memory. That's one reason C is used for operating systems and embedded software. 4. Structured Programming Functions and modular design make large programs easier to organize. 5. Small Language Core The language itself is relatively small, making it easier to learn the fundamentals. 6. Standard Library Useful libraries exist for: Input/Output Strings Files Memory Mathematics 7. Hardware Interaction Few languages communicate with hardware as naturally as C. That's why C remains the dominant language for firmware and drivers. What About the Downsides? C also has limitations. Manual memory management No garbage collection No built-in OOP Limited runtime safety These make C harder to master but also teach concepts that many higher-level languages hide. Simple Example #include <stdio.h> int main () { printf ( "Hello, World! \n " ); return 0 ; } Even this tiny program demonstrates: Header files The main() function Standard library usage Program execution Final Thoughts Learning C isn't about writing every future application in C. It's about understanding how software works beneath modern frameworks. Once you understand C, many other programming languages become much easier to learn. Full beginner guide with diagrams and explanations: [Feature and Application C Programming](# 7 Features of C Programming Every Developer Should Know C is over 50 years old. Yet it still powers: Linux Embedded Systems Compilers Databases Device Drivers Why? Because it offers something very few languages do: Speed + Control +

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So for learning purposes I was reading a few research papers on the topic of databases. I read through a few papers like gfs, cockroachdb, dynamodb, raft etc.. DynamoDb uses consistent hashing for the key distribution. It also uses virtual nodes for reducing the rebalancing problem when a node dies. So I had an idea of using the resource(disk, cpu, ram, network) of server to determine how much data/load it should handle. We can't determine the capacity of a server just with its hardware specs like ram & disk, if the latency is high or has frequent network issue then it makes that particular node not very reliable to hold the data. So incorporating the network details will help us get better resource scores of a node. Keys are mapped to slot using CRC16 and there will be a fixed number of slots 16384. Since I used a storage engine called pebble(similar to rocksdb) I was able to avoid the headache of writing the storage layer. I greatly underestimated the process of writing a database. So coming back to the topic I want to know if this resource based ranging splitting is already implemented and more information on it. I developed a architecture on this topic called irisdb and it implements this resource scores mechanism to determine which node to take the slot range to split. this is a learning project and I gladly accept any feedback I could get submitted by /u/wizard_zen [link] [留言]