标签：#t

A continuation of: Breaking to Build: How CTF and Bug Bounty Hunting Rewires System Design In my previous article, I explored how offensive security permanently changes the way engineers think about systems. Once you've spent enough time exploiting race conditions, bypassing authorization boundaries, abusing SSRF chains, and breaking assumptions hidden deep inside application logic, you stop viewing software as a collection of features. You start viewing it as an attack surface . That shift fundamentally changes how you design production systems. The problem is that modern software development is no longer purely human-driven. Today, a massive percentage of engineering work happens alongside AI coding assistants. Tools now generate thousands of lines of code faster than most engineers can review them. And that introduces a brand new problem. AI systems are optimized for one thing: Generate code that works. Attackers are optimized for something completely different: Find code that breaks. That difference matters. A generated API endpoint might pass every functional test while still exposing a devastating BOLA (Broken Object Level Authorization) vulnerability. A generated webhook handler might function perfectly while allowing SSRF into your internal infrastructure. A generated payment workflow might appear correct while collapsing into a double-spend condition under concurrent execution. The code works. The architecture fails. And that is exactly where real-world vulnerabilities are born. The Missing Layer in AI-Assisted Development Most teams currently treat AI coding agents like extremely fast junior engineers. They give them instructions like: "Build this feature" "Refactor this service" "Create this migration" The model responds by optimizing for correctness, readability, and implementation speed. Security is rarely treated as a first-class objective. Most AI systems are never explicitly taught to think like attackers. They are taught how software should behave;

A lot of teams start their LLM stack with one model string in application code. That is fine for prototypes. It becomes painful once multiple products, customers, background jobs, and fallback paths all share the same AI budget. At that point, an OpenAI-compatible gateway should not just be a convenience proxy. It should become a control plane: the place where routing, quotas, cost attribution, keys, and failover are managed consistently. Here is the checklist I use when evaluating whether a gateway setup is production-ready. 1. Keep the SDK surface stable Your application should not need to know every provider-specific header, endpoint, or auth detail. A simple OpenAI-compatible client shape keeps provider changes out of the main code path: from openai import OpenAI import os client = OpenAI ( api_key = os . environ [ " AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY " ], base_url = os . environ . get ( " AI_GATEWAY_BASE_URL " ), ) The app should usually call a logical model or route. Provider-specific decisions should live in gateway configuration where they can be reviewed and changed safely. 2. Route by feature, not by vibes A global default model is easy to start with, but it hides important differences between workloads. A better routing table looks like this: Feature Default tier Fallback tier Budget sensitivity Classification low-cost fast model second low-cost model high Support summary low/mid model mid model high Customer chat mid/frontier model safe fallback medium Coding/analysis strongest reliable model reasoning model low/medium Background enrichment batch/cheap model skip/defer very high The goal is not always to use the cheapest model. The goal is to use the cheapest model that reliably clears the quality bar for that feature. 3. Enforce limits at the gateway boundary Do not rely only on scattered application code for cost control. A shared gateway should enforce: per-API-key quotas per-project or per-customer spend caps per-feature token limits provider and model allow-lists e

The monorepo vs polyrepo argument is old enough that Buildkite was comparing it to the Vim and Emacs wars back in 2024. It should have been settled, or at least gone quiet. Instead, in the space of six months, an AI coding vendor re-litigated it for the agent era, a benchmark firm published PR cycle-time data across hundreds of organisations, and half the platform engineering threads I read found their way back to it. Something pulled the question out of retirement. I think the something is worth naming, because it is not really about repositories at all. I maintain a product whose entire reason to exist is that most organisations run polyrepos, so I want to be upfront about where I sit before arguing anything. Riftmap parses cross-repo dependencies. If everyone migrated to a monorepo tomorrow, a good part of my roadmap would evaporate. Read what follows with that in mind, and check the sources, all of which are linked. With that declared: I think both camps in this debate are arguing about a proxy. The real variable underneath, the one that decides whether your team ships confidently or plays dependency archaeology at 2am, is something the standard pros-and-cons lists never name. This post walks the honest trade-offs first, because they are real and you deserve a straight answer to the question you searched for. Then it gets to the variable. What each side buys you A monorepo is one repository holding many projects. A polyrepo (or multi-repo) setup gives each project, service, or module its own repository. Both are proven at every scale that matters: Google and Meta run famous monorepos, Amazon and Netflix run famous polyrepos, and none of them are wrong. The monorepo's case The strongest monorepo argument has always been atomic cross-project change. Uber's iOS team moved to a monorepo largely for this: when an API contract and all of its clients live in one repo, a breaking change is one commit, one review, one revert path. No choreographed pull requests across si

I Built MCP Servers for 9 SaaS APIs — Here's What I Learned About the Pattern I've spent the last few weeks building MCP (Model Context Protocol) servers for various APIs — CoinGecko, Stripe, Jira, PostHog, Plausible, Etherscan, DeFiLlama, Jobber, and Resend. Nine servers, 68 tools, all published to npm and indexed on Glama. Along the way, I noticed the same architecture keeps working. If you're building an MCP server for your own API — or thinking about hiring someone to do it — here's the pattern. The Three-Layer Architecture Every MCP server I build has three layers: 1. Tool Definitions (the contract) Each API endpoint becomes an MCP tool with a typed input schema. I use Zod for validation — it catches bad inputs before they hit your API. { name : " send_email " , description : " Send a single email via Resend " , inputSchema : { from : z . string (). email (), to : z . union ([ z . string (). email (), z . array ( z . string (). email ())]), subject : z . string (). min ( 1 ), html : z . string (). optional (), text : z . string (). optional (), }, } The description matters more than you think. LLMs read these descriptions to decide which tool to call. A vague description like "send email" wastes tokens. A specific one like "Send a single transactional email via Resend API. Supports HTML and plain text. Returns message ID and delivery status." gets used correctly. 2. API Client (the plumbing) This layer handles auth, rate limiting, and error transformation. The key insight: don't leak HTTP errors to the LLM. Transform them into structured, actionable messages. // Bad: "Error: 429" // Good: "Rate limited by Resend API. Retry after 30 seconds. You've sent 100 emails in the last hour." 3. Output Formatter (the presentation) Raw JSON dumps are terrible for LLM consumption. Format responses as markdown tables, bullet points, or structured text. The LLM reads this output to decide what to do next — make it scannable. ## Email Sent Successfully - **Message ID:** abc123

submitted by /u/BhaswatiGuha19 [link] [留言]

Most recommendations I’m seeing are for generating presentations from a topic, but I already HAVE the content. Problem is it’s usually: messy notes meeting transcripts random docs giant walls of text Main thing I want is help turning all of that into slides that are actually readable. Does anything handle that well right now? submitted by /u/ragsyme [link] [留言]

Sorry Anker: JMGO now makes my favorite flagship portable projector. The N3 Ultimate is an excellent portable 4K projector that defeats moderate ambient light at severe placement angles and can rival more expensive home theater installations at night. After a few weeks of testing, I think the raw adaptability exhibited by the JMGO's N3 Ultimate […]

June 7, 2026. Dennis Kim, ex-CEO of Cyworld, CEO of BetaLabs https://github.com/gameworkerkim/vibe-investing https://github.com/gameworkerkim/CYBER-THREAT-INTELLIGENCE-REPORT Prologue: Two Incidents That Shook South Korea in 2026 In early June 2026, a data breach exposed the personal information of 5 million users of TVING, the largest OTT service in South Korea. The leaked data was extensive: IDs, names, birth dates, gender, CI (connection information), DI (duplicate registration verification information), mobile phone numbers, emails, refund account numbers, passwords, and more. The parent company, CJ ENM, saw its stock price plummet 3.44% in a single day, and investigations by the Personal Information Protection Commission and KISA were launched. But behind this incident hid another shocking fact. TVING's GitHub repository had an AWS access token hardcoded and publicly exposed. It was a stark reminder that a single cloud private key accidentally committed by a developer can jeopardize an entire company's infrastructure. These two events seem like different stories on the surface. Yet here I want to ask one common question: Who protects our generative AI, our LLM systems? Part 1. The Age of Vibe Coding: Security Takes a Backseat Recently, natural language-based programming using LLMs, the so-called "Vibe Coding" trend, has exploded. Generative AI coding assistants dramatically accelerate development speed. But behind this speed lies serious security risks. According to Veracode's 2025 GenAI Code Security report, 45% of code generated by LLMs contained security vulnerabilities. More concerning, developers place excessive trust in AI outputs and show behavior patterns prioritizing speed over vulnerability verification. Kaspersky's 2025 report revealed even more shocking findings. A vulnerability in the popular AI development tool Cursor (CVE-2025-54135) allowed attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer's machine, and a vulnerability in the Claude Code a

For the past year I worked on a remote contract with a US tech company. Paid in USD, ultimately needing Korean won. Simple, right? Then a year in, I actually reconciled what landed in my account. The exchange rate had gone up — and yet my real received amount was lower than I'd expected. I traced it, and money was leaking at every step of the transfer path I hadn't been watching. This is what I learned switching routes over that year: from a direct bank wire to Wise, the real cost difference, and one right buried in my contract. If you're a freelancer or contractor in any country earning USD from abroad, this should save you something. Money leaks in more than one place Getting USD from overseas into local currency looks like one step. It's actually at least four: The wire fee from the US bank, through correspondent banks, to the receiving bank. The exchange rate the receiving bank applies — this is the big one. The receiving fee on the destination side. A hidden "lifting charge" some correspondent banks skim. The largest is the rate. Banks quote two rates, and the "buyer rate" applied when an individual sells dollars is worse than the mid-market reference — typically a 1.5–2% spread . On $1,000, that's $15–20 gone to the rate alone. That number looks small. Accumulated over a year, it stops looking small. Route A — receiving directly through a major US bank My first setup was the simplest: the company wired USD to my US bank account, and I wired it on to my Korean bank. I picked this at contract start without much thought, assuming the client would conventionally cover fees anyway. (Lesson one: specify the transfer method, route, and who pays in the contract. ) The problem was the bank's exchange rate. It applied the buyer rate straight up, with a wider-than-usual spread versus mid-market — plus a send fee, plus the Korean receiving bank's fee. I only noticed months in. Comparing statements, there was a steady 2–3% gap between the won I'd expect at mid-market and t

Setting up a 10-page marketing site Count the tools. You reach for Next.js or Astro. You run npm init . There's a bundler config. PostCSS for Tailwind. A Netlify account. A GitHub repository. Environment variables for the CMS token. A build hook URL from Netlify, pasted into the CMS webhook settings so content publishes trigger a rebuild. Maybe a CI configuration file. For a 10-page marketing site. The honest question: does a 10-page marketing site need any of this? For most content-focused sites, the answer is no. How we got here The JAMstack movement was right about the fundamentals. Pre-generated static HTML served from a CDN is faster, cheaper, and more secure than server-side rendering at request time. Netlify and Vercel made this genuinely accessible. The developer tooling that emerged around it was designed well. The problem is that the tooling was designed for applications — large JavaScript codebases with complex component trees, client-side routing, and sophisticated build requirements. It's good tooling for that use case. It became the default for everything, including content sites that have no more complexity than a Markdown file and a CSS stylesheet. When the tool doesn't fit the problem, you inherit the cost of the tool without the benefit. What the build pipeline actually costs Setup time. Getting a new project from blank to deployed with a modern build pipeline takes a few hours if you know the stack, longer if you're making decisions. Framework version, bundler config, PostCSS, Tailwind setup, environment variable management, deploy configuration. That's before you've written a single line of page-specific code. Maintenance surface. Every dependency is something that can break. Node version compatibility, framework major version upgrades, bundler updates, plugin compatibility matrices. A project set up in 2022 may require non-trivial work to update in 2026. For a client site, that maintenance either falls on your agency or accumulates as technical

Imagine you are building a cloud-native backend for a high-frequency trading platform or a core banking ledger. To ensure mathematical immutability and prevent silent data tampering, compliance mandates that every transaction for a specific financial account must be cryptographically chained. This means the signature of Transaction #50 must explicitly include the cryptographic hash of Transaction #49. You cannot sign them out of order, and the backend is strictly responsible for generating and validating this chain. This introduces a massive distributed systems headache: How do you enforce strict, sequential ordering while maintaining the concurrency required to scale a modern cloud architecture? Let's walk through the evolution of this system, deconstruct exactly how the standard event-driven approach fails in production, and examine the Staff-level architecture required to fix it. Phase 1: The MVP & The Database Bottleneck In the early days, traffic is low. An account might see one transaction every few minutes. The "Happy Path" is simple: The API receives a deposit request for Account A. The API queries Postgres for the last_signature_hash . The API computes the new hash in memory: SHA(last_hash + new_transaction_data) . The API writes the new transaction and updates the state. The Pitfall: The Thundering Herd To prevent two concurrent requests from reading the same previous hash, you wrap the database operation in a pessimistic lock: SELECT ... FOR UPDATE . This forces the database to serialize requests at the row level. When a massive partner bank initiates a bulk sync, dumping 5,000 transactions for a single corporate account onto the API in two seconds, 4,999 concurrent threads immediately hit the FOR UPDATE lock and block. The database connection pool is instantly exhausted, latency spikes platform-wide, and the MVP dies. The Insight: The database must be your last line of defense, not your primary queueing mechanism. Contention must be solved upstream in me

Start here This post assumes you have a project and you're trying to pick a tool. It skips the marketing and goes to the technical and economic decisions that actually matter when you're doing the evaluation. All three of these platforms — Contentful, Sanity, and SleekCMS — are used in production by serious teams. The comparison is not going to tell you one of them is bad. It's going to tell you which scenarios each one is genuinely suited for, so you can match your project to the right tool. The three platforms at a glance Contentful is an enterprise-grade headless CMS with a long history of production deployments, a large ecosystem of integrations, and pricing that becomes significant at scale. It's the established choice for large organisations with existing Contentful investment. Sanity is a developer-first headless CMS with a flexible schema system, real-time collaborative editing, and GROQ — a query language purpose-built for content graphs. It has a strong developer community and a genuinely modern developer experience. SleekCMS is a headless CMS with an integrated static site builder. Structured content with REST and GraphQL APIs, a TypeScript-native client library, and the option to generate and deploy a static site from the same content models without maintaining an external frontend stack. Content modeling All three support structured content modeling. The differences are in how you define models and what the system supports natively. Contentful uses a GUI-based model builder in the dashboard. You create content types and add fields through a point-and-click interface. Solid for teams who prefer a visual setup; less ideal if you want models version-controlled as code. Sanity defines schemas in TypeScript or JavaScript config files — committed to your repository, version-controlled, and composable like code. This is Sanity's strongest differentiator for teams who think in code-first workflows. The schema definition is expressive and the TypeScript integrat

The brief Small professional services firm. Needed a clean marketing site: homepage, services section with individual service pages, about page, a blog, and a contact form. Timeline: tight. Budget: fixed. The kind of project where the question isn't whether you can build it — it's whether you can build it without spending three days on project scaffolding before writing a single line of content-specific code. This is what that afternoon looked like. One command to start The cms-sync is the entry point. One command creates the local workspace and starts the file watcher: npx @sleekcms/sync --token YOUR_AUTH_TOKEN On first run, the workspace appears with three files before you've written anything: my-site/ ├── CLAUDE.md ├── AGENT.md └── .vscode/ └── copilot-instructions.md These context files are the key. CLAUDE.md for Claude and Claude Code. AGENT.md for GitHub Copilot in agent mode. .vscode/copilot-instructions.md for GitHub Copilot in VS Code. Each contains the complete SleekCMS site-building reference — file naming conventions, model syntax, template helpers, field types, content format. Open the workspace in Cursor (or VS Code with Copilot, or Claude Code). The AI already knows how to build a SleekCMS site. No setup prompt, no pasting documentation. The prompt We kept it realistic — not a paragraph of precise technical specification, but the kind of description you'd give a developer on a call: Build a professional services marketing site with: - A homepage with a hero section, services overview, client logos, and a contact CTA - A services page listing all services, and individual service detail pages - An about page - A blog with individual post pages - A shared header and footer - A contact form - Tailwind CSS styling - SEO meta tags on every page What the AI generated The output was a complete set of working files: models/pages/_index.model models/pages/services.model models/pages/services[].model models/pages/about.model models/pages/blog[].model models/page

SQL tuning is the process of making a database query run faster and cheaper — cutting response time while minimizing the system resources it burns. Here's the playbook I actually use, from "this query is slow" to "this query is fixed," with the traps that bite people in the middle. The loop Tuning is iterative. The shape is always the same: Identify the problem. Find the slow query (logs, profiler, or user feedback) and measure a baseline — execution time and resource usage. You can't claim an improvement you didn't measure. Analyze & rewrite. Review the SQL for redundant joins, unnecessary work, and complex subqueries. Tighten the WHERE , select only the columns you need, convert subqueries to joins where it helps. Read the execution plan. Understand how the engine actually runs the query; find inefficient join orders and needless full scans. Revisit indexes. Evaluate whether existing indexes help; add or restructure as needed. Consider schema changes. If a column is updated so often that indexing it hurts, split it out. Sometimes the model is the bottleneck. Tune settings/hardware if it comes to that. Re-test and repeat. Apply changes, re-check the plan, confirm the gain, monitor. Reading an execution plan The execution plan shows how the DB will run your query — table scans, index access, join methods. Read it well and you can pinpoint where the time goes. Most engines expose it: EXPLAIN (MySQL/PostgreSQL), EXPLAIN PLAN FOR (Oracle), SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON (SQL Server). Operators to know: Full Table Scan — reads every row. Happens when there's no suitable index, or the query can't use one. Index Scan — scans via an index; usually cheaper than a table scan. Index Seek — jumps to specific key values; very efficient, reads only the rows it needs. Nested Loops / Hash Join / Merge Join — the three ways to join two tables (more below). Sort — orders data; excessive sorting is a common performance drag. Three numbers that matter: Cost — estimated resources a step will cons

A real look at the platform everyone's calling "the writer's alternative to Medium" Let me be...

AWS recently announced ExtendDB, a DynamoDB-compatible adapter that lets developers use the DynamoDB API with different storage backends, starting with PostgreSQL. The project supports existing SDKs and tools without modification, giving teams greater flexibility to run DynamoDB-style workloads outside of native DynamoDB while maintaining compatibility with current applications and workflows. By Renato Losio

Chinese models now account for 61% of global LLM token consumption. DeepSeek, Qwen, GLM, and Doubao consistently dominate the global top 10 on OpenRouter. But for developers outside China, accessing them is painful — no English docs, no international payment, confusing pricing. I tested all 6 major APIs. Here's what I found. Price Comparison (June 2026) Model Provider Input $/1M tokens Output $/1M tokens vs OpenAI DeepSeek V3 DeepSeek $0.35 $0.52 95% cheaper DeepSeek V4-Flash DeepSeek $0.003 $0.015 99.7% cheaper Qwen-Max Alibaba $0.58 $1.74 92% cheaper GLM-5 Zhipu AI $0.87 $4.05 84% cheaper Doubao Pro ByteDance $0.43 $0.87 95% cheaper MiniMax M2.5 MiniMax $0.45 $0.90 95% cheaper DeepSeek V4-Flash at $0.003/M is 1/300th the cost of GPT-4o . For agent chains or batch processing, you can call it without thinking about cost. Quick Start All Chinese models follow OpenAI API format. Change base_url and model — zero code changes. # DeepSeek curl https://api.deepseek.com/v1/chat/completions \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY " \ -d '{"model":"deepseek-chat","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Hello"}]}' # Qwen — same format, different endpoint curl https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY " \ -d '{"model":"qwen-max","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Hi"}]}' How to Get API Access Model Sign Up Payment Free Tier DeepSeek platform.deepseek.com Alipay/WeChat 5M tokens Qwen dashscope.aliyun.com Alipay 2M tokens/month GLM-5 open.bigmodel.cn WeChat/Alipay 1M tokens Doubao console.volcengine.com/ark Alipay 500K tokens MiniMax platform.minimaxi.com Alipay 1M tokens All platforms support English UI. Most don't require a Chinese phone number. Latency (tested from Singapore) Model TTFT Tokens/sec Total (100 tokens) DeepSeek V3 380ms 85 t/s 1.5s DeepSeek V4-Flash 120ms 240 t/s 0.5s Qwen-Max 450ms 65 t/s 2.0s GLM-5 520ms 55 t/s 2.3s Which Model for What Use Case Model Agent chains (5-10 calls) DeepSeek V3 Bulk process

This week the agent economy got another "settlement layer." Actually it got three. They don't agree on what the word means, and one of them raised $8M to keep saying it. So instead of a new argument, here's the map we drew across the week - four honest meanings of "settlement," what each one is genuinely good at, and the one job that none of the funded products this week actually cover. This is a recap post. If you read along this week, you've seen the pieces; this is the through-line. If you didn't, this is the whole week in one place. The week's biggest signal: a funded word The freshest data point is AEON's raise - $8M from YZi Labs to build, in their words, a settlement layer for the agentic economy. Under the hood it's an x402 facilitator on BNB Chain, routing agent-to-merchant payments across a very large merchant network. That is a real and useful thing. It is also, very specifically, payment : an agent sends a stablecoin to a seller it has chosen, value moving one direction to a known recipient. It sits next to two others that shipped recently and also wear the word: Circle's Agent Stack + Nanopayments moves gas-free USDC down to a millionth of a dollar, batched across chains. That's settlement as machine-speed micropayment - still one asset, still one direction, optimized for volume and tiny amounts. Fireblocks' Agentic Payments Suite puts a custodied vault between intent and execution: the vault holds funds and releases them when policy says so. That's settlement as custody-and-release - someone you trust holds the money in the middle. Three products, three meanings: route a stablecoin, micropay at machine speed, custody-and-release. All three are legitimate infrastructure. Builders should use them where they fit. The meaning none of them cover Here's the job that falls through the gap between all three: two agents that don't trust each other, swapping different assets, possibly across two chains, with no one holding the funds in between. A payment rail as

Not long ago, I saw articles analyzing how Chinese people obtain US model API at low prices through non-compliant means, and also saw Chinese developer sharing their Vibecoding experiences. Very interesting, it seems the outside world is finally starting to understand our daily lives. I want to share a complete perspective here: how an ordinary Chinese student, also developer, accesses the most advanced US models. Including the evolution of various access methods over 4 years, the practical experience of using various methods, and the problems encountered, etc. I will try to describe it objectively and truthfully. Let's start by going back to November 2022, when OpenAI released "ChatGPT": Phase 1: "ChatGPT" ChatGPT was released, and it was big news in China, even though it predictably did not serve China. Even though I was still a high school student at the time, I was still interested, after all, it was the first time I saw something truly close to "intelligence". How to access it? There are two types of services generally inaccessible in China: one is that the GFW blocks the domain name or IP of the service, and the other is that the service provider refuses IPs from China. ChatGPT is both. The solution is also simple, use a proxy, which is a basic skill for Chinese developers. In addition, registration requires receiving a SMS verification code. Chinese mobile numbers are definitely not an option, but the solution is not difficult either, find a verification code receiving platform, use a temporary number to receive the verification code. Thus, I started using ChatGPT, which now seems like a model that speaks slowly and is not very smart. Phase 2: "Mirror Sites" During high school, I didn't have many scenarios to use ChatGPT. I started using AI more when I entered university, as AI is well-suited for dealing with those annoying assignments. It was the second half of 2023, and there was a new way to access it: mirror sites. "Mirror sites" originally referred to an

the interesting shift is when AI stops sitting in a chat box and starts sharing the browser with you. submitted by /u/Old_Command_7050 [link] [留言]