I built AIPDFKit because I kept running into the same friction: needing to do something simple with a PDF -- redact some sensitive info, pull out a table, or convert a document to Markdown -- and every tool either required an account, put the good stuff behind a paywall, or made me wonder what was happening to my files afterward. PDFKit is my answer to that. PDFKit -- Free AI-Powered PDF Tools PDFKit is a free, browser-based PDF utility suite powered by AI, built for developers and technical professionals who need fast, reliable document processing without the friction of paid plans or mandatory accounts. Whether you're parsing data out of PDFs, sanitizing sensitive information, or converting documents into developer-friendly formats, PDFKit gets the job done in seconds. What it does AI-assisted PII redaction -- automatically detect and mask emails, phone numbers, names, and more Table extraction to Excel -- pull structured data out of PDFs without copying and pasting PDF to Markdown conversion -- especially useful for feeding document content into LLMs or RAG pipelines These aren't just format converters. The AI layer means the output is clean, structured, and actually ready to use. Privacy first No account creation required. PDFKit stores no user data and automatically deletes all uploaded files after one hour. For developers handling client documents or sensitive data pipelines, this is a meaningful differentiator over SaaS tools that retain files indefinitely. Who it's for Developers preprocessing PDFs before feeding them into RAG pipelines Anyone automating document workflows People who need to quickly extract structured data without spinning up a Python script Anyone dealing with sensitive documents who can't afford to have files sitting on someone else's servers It's the kind of utility you bookmark and reach for constantly. Built to be fast, free, and frictionless. Check it out: https://www.aipdfkit.com/ Would love to hear what features you'd find most usefu

This is a submission for the GitHub Finish-Up-A-Thon Challenge What I Built After being abandoned for several months, I have come back to build and complete Claude with LeetCode, which is a DSA learning system that automates daily algorithm education with Claude code directly inside GitHub repo. Every time I submit an accepted solution on Leetcode, the Github workflow fetches my Leetcode account data and commit the problem with the solution to the repo. Claude will then run on a fixed schedule and automatically generates a full structured lecture, covering the DSA topic, brute force through optimal solutions in Python, complexity analysis, and a YouTube video packaged in a GitHub Issue. This project means a lot to me because it merges two things I care about daily: now not only can I solve Leetcode problem, my solution is automatically analyzed by a powerful AI agent mentor. Demo Link to my project: https://github.com/Stewie-pixel/claude-with-leetcode.git Link to my application walkthrough: https://youtu.be/ClWdW3v9JJ0 The Comeback Story At first this was only a project to store the Leetcode questions I have solved. The process required manual pushing the problem to the repo and nothing special. Later I have added the automation workflow to fetch data from my Leetcode account, Claude will be prompted like an experienced dsa mentor from Claude and skill.md file to give a thorough analysis on that problem. And at the end of the day, Github Copilot workflow will give a daily summary report to cover my daily progress. My Experience with GitHub Copilot I built a DSA Mentor skill that gives Copilot the full context of what a lecture should contain: topic identification, the brute force to optimal approach structure, complexity analysis requirements, and the YouTube search step. Without Copilot, writing the dsaMentor.js orchestration logic and getting the agent to consistently produce structured markdown output would have taken significantly longer. I then use Copilot cli

Quark’s Outlines: Python User-Defined Methods Overview, Historical Timeline, Problems & Solutions An Overview of Python User-Defined Methods What is a Python user-defined method? When you define a function inside a class, Python does not treat it as just a function. When you call it from an instance, Python changes it into a method. This method knows which object it was called from. It adds that object as the first argument when the function runs. A Python user-defined method joins a function, a class, and a class instance (or None ). It is created when you get a function from a class or an instance. Python binds the instance to the function and forms a method. Python lets you bind a class function to an instance as a method. class Box : def show ( self , word ): print ( " Box says: " , word ) x = Box () x . show ( " hi " ) # prints: # Box says: hi The method x.show is bound to the instance x . Python passes x as the first argument. What does "bound method" mean in Python? When a method is bound, it remembers the instance that called it. A bound method is created when you get a method from an object. It holds a reference to both the function and the instance. Python will pass the instance automatically when you call the method. If you get the same method from the class, Python gives you an unbound method. That means the function is not tied to any one object. Python uses bound methods to remember which object to call with. class Lamp : def turn_on ( self ): print ( " The lamp is now on. " ) l = Lamp () m = Lamp () a = l . turn_on b = m . turn_on a () b () # prints: # The lamp is now on. # The lamp is now on. Each bound method remembers which Lamp it came from. A Historical Timeline of Python User-Defined Methods Where do Python user-defined methods come from? Python user-defined methods grew from early ideas in object-oriented design. In many languages, methods are just functions that get special treatment when called from an object. Python made this clear by lettin

If you're a networking instructor — at a university, technical college, boot camp, or corporate training program — you know the frustration of teaching the OSI Model. Static PowerPoint slides can only do so much. Students nod along in class, but when exam time arrives, the layers blur together. The PDU names become a confusing jumble. The OSI Model Simulator by Roboticela was built with educators in mind. It transforms a passive lecture into an interactive demonstration that students engage with, remember, and take home to explore on their own. Classroom Use Cases Live Demonstration Project the simulator on a classroom screen. Have students suggest messages to send and protocols to use. Step through each layer together as a class, stopping to ask questions: "What's happening here? What header was added? What device would operate at this layer?" The interactive format maintains attention far better than any lecture. Lab Assignments Assign students to run specific simulations and document their findings: "Run HTTP and HTTPS simulations. Screenshot the Presentation Layer for each. Explain in writing what differs and why." This assignment tests both tool usage and conceptual understanding. Flipped Classroom Send students to app.osi-model-simulator.roboticela.com before class. Ask them to run three simulations and come prepared to discuss what they observed. Class time becomes richer discussion rather than basic concept delivery. Protocol Comparison Exercise Have students run simulations for all five protocols — HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, DNS, FTP — and create a comparison chart noting the differences at each OSI layer. This develops deep protocol literacy that traditional instruction rarely achieves. Why It Works: The Science of Active Learning Research in educational psychology consistently shows that active learning produces dramatically better retention than passive instruction. The "Learning Pyramid" (Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience) suggests: Lecture: ~5% retention after 2

While Python dominates the AI research space, TypeScript is the engine of the modern full-stack web. From high-performance Node.js backends to complex React frontends, TypeScript provides the structure and safety that large-scale engineering teams demand. When we built the apcore-js SDK, we didn't just want to "port" the Python logic. We wanted to create a first-class, type-safe experience that leverages the unique strengths of the JavaScript ecosystem. In this twentieth article of our series, we explore how to build AI-Perceivable modules in TypeScript using apcore and TypeBox . The Goal: Cross-Language Parity A core tenet of the apcore protocol is that a module’s behavior should be identical regardless of the implementation language. A module named executor.user.get must accept the same JSON input and produce the same output in both Python and TypeScript. apcore-js achieves this by using TypeBox as its core schema engine. TypeBox allows us to define JSON Schemas that double as TypeScript types, giving us compile-time safety and runtime validation in a single definition. Defining Type-Safe Schemas In apcore-js, you define your module's contract using TypeBox's Static and Type primitives: import { Type , Static } from ' @sinclair/typebox ' ; export const InputSchema = Type . Object ({ userId : Type . String ({ description : " The unique UUID of the user. " }), includePrivate : Type . Boolean ({ default : false , description : " Whether to include sensitive fields. " }) }); export type Input = Static < typeof InputSchema > ; By adding the description field directly into the TypeBox definition, you are creating the "Cognitive Interface" for the AI while simultaneously providing type hints for your IDE. Building the Module apcore-js supports both class-based and functional module definitions. The class-based approach is idiomatic for TypeScript developers: import { ClassModule , ModuleAnnotations , Context } from ' @apcore/core ' ; export class GetUserModule extends Cl

This is the eighth and final post in a series on the false assumptions teams make when building with generative AI. The series began with the observation that the trough of disillusionment for AI-assisted development has arrived — not because AI is useless, but because eight false assumptions made the trough inevitable. This post covers the last assumption and closes the series. The Fallacy "If one AI agent gives us a 10x boost, ten agents will give us 100x." Why it's tempting The arithmetic feels irresistible. One agent generates code for the backend. Another generates the frontend. A third writes tests. A fourth handles database migrations. A fifth generates documentation. Each agent works in parallel. No meetings, waiting or coordination overhead. Pure throughput. Leadership sees the potential: a five-person team with fifty agents has the output of a fifty-person team at the cost of a five-person team plus API credits. The scaling is linear. The economics are transformational. And the early results confirm it. Each agent, working on its own, produces impressive output. The backend agent generates Go code. The frontend agent generates React components. The test agent generates test suites. Each agent, in isolation, looks like a 10x developer. Why it's wrong You've seen this problem before. It has a name. It's called distributed systems. A distributed system is a collection of independent actors that must coordinate to produce a coherent result. Each actor makes decisions locally. The system's correctness depends on those local decisions being compatible globally. When they aren't, you get inconsistency, conflicts, data corruption, and cascading failures. AI agents working on the same codebase are a distributed system. Each agent makes decisions — variable names, error handling strategies, retry policies, data formats, abstraction levels, dependency choices. Each decision is made locally, in the context of one prompt, one file, one task. No agent sees the full pict

We played the opening of the Control sequel and saw just how weird Remedy's twisted New York is.

Networking certifications like CompTIA Network+ and Cisco's CCNA are career-defining credentials. They validate your understanding of networking fundamentals — and both exams test OSI Model knowledge extensively. In fact, the OSI Model is arguably the single most tested conceptual framework in entry-level and intermediate networking certifications. Why OSI Is So Critical for Certification Exams Exam questions on OSI take many forms: "At which layer of the OSI model does a router operate?" (Layer 3) "What PDU is used at the Transport Layer?" (Segment) "Which protocol operates at the Application Layer?" (HTTP, DNS, SMTP...) "A user cannot connect to a website. Troubleshooting should begin at which OSI layer?" (Layer 1, then up) "Which device operates at Layer 2?" (Switch) "What is the function of the Presentation Layer?" (Translation, encryption, compression) These questions seem straightforward on paper but are notoriously confusing under exam pressure without deep conceptual understanding. How the OSI Simulator Accelerates Your Studies Visual Memory Formation Research in cognitive science consistently shows that visual and kinesthetic learning creates stronger memories than text-only reading. When you watch the OSI Simulator animate your message through all seven layers, you're forming episodic memories — vivid, experience-based memories that are far more durable than rote memorization. Protocol-to-Layer Association One of the most commonly missed exam categories is protocol-to-layer mapping. The OSI Simulator makes this automatic: when you select HTTP, the Application Layer is highlighted. When you watch TCP headers form, you associate TCP with Layer 4 viscerally, not just verbally. PDU Name Mastery Data, Segment, Packet, Frame, Bits — the five PDU names are shown explicitly at each layer in the simulator. After running 10 simulations, these names become second nature. No flashcard can match this experiential learning. Troubleshooting Framework Practice Network+ an

Hello, my name is Greg. About six months ago I started using AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude at work for small tasks — proofreading emails, summarizing meeting notes, that kind of thing. But also some technical stuff too. One thing that really came in handy was analyzing packet captures from Wireshark. I work with VoIP phone systems, and when things go wrong, feeding a PCAP file into an AI chatbot speeds up the troubleshooting process dramatically. Before long I was asking AI to write code. First simple HTML pages, then Python, then C#. I was amazed by the results. These weren't big projects — just small experiments — but they came to life in minutes instead of days. I found out there was already a term for this: vibe coding . Perfect, I thought. I made project after project and wanted to share the excitement with other people who were surely doing the same thing. I created a free learning website, published a book on Kindle Unlimited, and went looking for a community. I landed on Reddit. There were already vibe coding subreddits. I thought — this is great, I've found my people. Then reality hit. These communities had "vibe coding" in the name, but they weren't exactly vibe coding friendly. The term had already been claimed by people focused on monetizing their creations fast, with little interest in actually learning to code. That created a massive anti-vibe-coding crowd on the other side, and honestly there was an all-out war going on between them. Not really the place for someone just looking to share cool stuff they made. I came to a realization: I wasn't really a vibe coder — at least not the kind people were arguing about. I wasn't in it for the money. I was in it for the fun. I didn't mind learning programming concepts along the way. I wasn't trying to sell anything or launch a startup. I just liked making things and solving problems. So I retreated and regrouped. That's when I found a better description: Play-First Programmers . People who start by playi

We are exploring an experimental blockchain mechanism called "Proof of Weather" In the world of blockchain, various methods are used to achieve network consensus. The most well-known is Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (PoW). While PoW is an excellent mechanism, it has one major drawback. It consumes an enormous amount of electricity. At one point, I found myself wondering: Does blockchain really require such vast computational resources? Isn’t there something else that’s needed? This led to the creation of Dawn, the experimental cryptocurrency project I am developing, and an experimental blockchain mechanism called Proof of Weather. In this article, I will discuss: Why I decided to use weather How Proof of Weather works Security considerations Implementation in Rust How Does Proof of Work Work? Proof of Work is often explained as a mechanism where computers compete against each other in computational tasks. However, one important property of PoW is that it produces outcomes that are difficult to predict in advance. Miners repeatedly perform massive amounts of hash calculations, and only those who happen to meet the conditions can generate a block. This unpredictability plays a role in determining who can produce the next block. However, this process consumes enormous amounts of electricity worldwide. So I wondered: Aren’t there already phenomena in nature that are difficult to predict? Why Weather? Proof of Weather utilizes weather data as that unpredictable element. Of course, weather forecasts exist. However, Temperatures several days in the future Atmospheric pressure at specific locations Precipitation Wind speed and other factors cannot be predicted with absolute certainty. In particular, when combining observations from multiple locations, it becomes even more difficult to accurately calculate future values in advance. In other words, meteorological observations have the potential to be used as A real-world information source where future values cannot be fully predic

Getting started with the OSI Model Simulator takes less than 60 seconds. The interface is thoughtfully designed to be intuitive for beginners while offering enough depth to satisfy advanced learners. Here's your complete step-by-step guide. Step 1: Open the Simulator Navigate to app.osi-model-simulator.roboticela.com in any modern web browser. No account required, no download necessary, and no cost. The app loads instantly and is ready to use immediately. Alternatively, visit the landing page to learn more about features and download the desktop app for offline use. Step 2: Enter Your Message In the message input field, type any text you like. This is the "data" your simulation will encapsulate. Examples: Hello, World! GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 {"user": "alice", "action": "login"} Your own name or a phrase you'll remember Using a personally meaningful message makes the encapsulation feel real rather than abstract. Step 3: Choose Your Protocol Select from five real protocols: HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, DNS, or FTP. Each choice changes the Application Layer headers added to your data. For beginners, start with HTTP. Then re-run with HTTPS to see the Presentation Layer encryption difference. Step 4: Choose Your Transmission Medium Select your Physical Layer medium: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Fiber Optic, Coaxial, or Radio. This affects how the Physical Layer is visualized at the end of the simulation. Step 5 (Optional): Set Custom IP Addresses For a more realistic Network Layer demonstration, enter a source IP address (simulating your device) and a destination IP address (simulating the server). This makes the Layer 3 packet header concrete and personally relevant. Step 6: Run the Simulati on Click the Run or Start button. Watch as your message travels through all seven layers: Application Layer adds protocol headers Presentation Layer adds encryption (if HTTPS) Session Layer adds session management Transport Layer segments and adds TCP/UDP header Network Layer wraps in IP packet Data Li

The Physical Layer's choice of transmission medium profoundly affects the performance, cost, security, and reliability of a network. The OSI Model Simulator supports all five major media types — making it a powerful tool for understanding how physical choices ripple up through all seven OSI layers. Medium Speed Max Distance Security Cost Ethernet Up to 10 Gbps+ 100m (Cat6a) High (physical access) Low Wi-Fi Up to ~9.6 Gbps (Wi-Fi 6) ~100m indoor Medium (WPA3) Low Fiber Optic Terabits/s 100s of km Very High High Coaxial Up to 1 Gbps 500m (RG-8) Medium Medium Radio Variable (5G: Gbps) km to global (satellite) Low–Medium Variable Ethernet: The Reliable Standard Ethernet is the dominant wired networking standard in homes, offices, and data centers. Using twisted-pair copper cables (Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a), it provides reliable, high-speed connectivity with predictable latency. The IEEE 802.3 standard governs Ethernet, and modern variants include 1GbE, 10GbE, 25GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE. Wi-Fi: Wireless Freedom Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) eliminated the need for physical cables in most consumer settings. Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) and Wi-Fi 6E deliver impressive speeds, but shared medium access, interference, and radio propagation challenges mean it will never fully replace wired Ethernet for critical applications. Fiber Optic: The Internet's Backbone Fiber optic cables carry data as pulses of light through glass or plastic strands. They're immune to electromagnetic interference, support enormous bandwidth, and can span continents — literally. Every major internet exchange, submarine cable, and data center interconnect uses fiber. Coaxial Cable: The Cable TV Legacy Coaxial cable — familiar from cable TV connections — consists of a central conductor surrounded by insulating layers and a braided metal shield. DOCSIS-based cable internet connections (common from ISPs like Comcast) use coaxial as the last-mile medium. Radio: Wireless at Scale From the cellular 5G network in your pocket to satellite

It's important to monitor Dataform - jobs executed by Dataform can be the primary source of BigQuery costs in a modern data platform. Forgetting to incrementalise a table, using a table instead of a view in the wrong place or performing complex window functions on a large table can all incur large costs and long run times. Using the WorkflowInvocationAction for each job we can extract its BigQuery Job ID, then extract key metadata for each BigQuery job by querying INFORMATION_SCHEMA.JOBS_BY_PROJECT , before writing the output back to BigQuery so that it can be analysed (maybe even by transforming it in Dataform). from google.cloud import dataform_v1 from google.cloud import bigquery from datetime import datetime # ------------------------------------------------------------ # CONFIG # ------------------------------------------------------------ PROJECT_ID = " my-project " REGION = " europe-west2 " REPOSITORY_ID = " analytics " WORKFLOW_INVOCATION_ID = " 123456789 " BQ_REGION = " region-europe-west2 " OUTPUT_TABLE = " my-project.raw_dataform_monitoring.raw_dataform_bigquery_metrics " # ------------------------------------------------------------ # CLIENTS # ------------------------------------------------------------ dataform = dataform_v1 . DataformClient () bq = bigquery . Client ( project = PROJECT_ID ) repository = dataform . repository_path ( PROJECT_ID , REGION , REPOSITORY_ID ) invocation_name = f " { repository } /workflowInvocations/ { WORKFLOW_INVOCATION_ID } " # ------------------------------------------------------------ # 1. GET WORKFLOW INVOCATION ACTIONS → EXTRACT JOB IDS # ------------------------------------------------------------ job_ids = set () actions = dataform . list_workflow_invocation_actions ( parent = invocation_name ) for action in actions : # only BigQuery actions contain job metadata if hasattr ( action , " bigquery_action " ) and action . bigquery_action : if action . bigquery_action . job_id : job_ids . add ( action . bigquery_action

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Spent the weekend building a local tokenizer to stop leaking DB passwords and API keys to ChatGPT, literally can't stop testing edge cases. Written in pure TypeScript. Uses greedy reverse anchoring to mask credentials locally in the browser. Provided the core sanitizer logic here: https://github.com/abests/ghost-sanitizer-js submitted by /u/zero_backend_bro [link] [留言]

Hi everyone, I’ve always felt frustrated by how many ads are crammed into most tier list websites. That’s why I created a brand new site with absolutely no ads. I also made sure it's highly mobile-optimized and offers multiple downloading options for your tier lists! I'm always looking to improve, so please feel free to share any feedback or features you'd like to see added. ps. As a thank you for checking it out early, if you create 1 tier list template now, I will upgrade you to a lifetime Premium account. Even if ads are introduced later down the road, your account will remain completely ad-free. submitted by /u/Mountain-Shoe-6070 [link] [留言]

Article URL: https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/mbodi-ai/jobs/WYAcNkX-founding-machine-learning-engineer Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48424103 Points: 0 # Comments: 0