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Building a production TypeScript CLI in 2026: oclif vs commander vs custom. I shipped my first Node CLI in 2019 with a 12-line arg slicer and process.argv . It worked until it needed a second command and then collapsed into spaghetti. The other extreme is grabbing a full framework for a tool that runs one command. In 2026 there are three reasonable paths between those extremes, and each one wins on a specific slice of the problem. This post covers @oclif/core v4, commander v14, and a zero-dependency parser that fits in 30 lines. Same "greet" command in all three. Same distribution steps at the end. Honest tradeoffs throughout. TL;DR oclif v4 commander v14 zero-dep npm install size ~8 MB ~220 kB 0 B Type inference on flags Full, generated Good, manual Manual Plugin ecosystem Yes (Heroku, Salesforce) No No Learning curve High (day 1) Low (hour 1) None Best for Multi-team, multi-command CLIs Most real-world tools One-shot scripts 1. The decision: framework vs no framework Reach for a framework when the tool needs subcommands, a plugin system, or auto-generated help text. The second engineer who touches the CLI should be able to find where things live without reading your code twice. Build your own when the tool does one thing, ships as a one-file script, or lives inside a monorepo where pulling in 8 MB of transitive deps is not welcome. A zero-dep parser also removes the surface area for supply-chain incidents, a real concern on tools that run in CI. Commander sits in the middle: a 220 kB install that covers most real tools without the scaffolding overhead of oclif. 2. Project skeleton Every path shares the same bin setup. Start with a package.json that declares the executable: { "name" : "greet-cli" , "version" : "1.0.0" , "bin" : { "greet" : "./dist/cli.js" }, "scripts" : { "build" : "tsc" , "dev" : "tsx src/cli.ts" }, "type" : "module" } The tsconfig.json for a CLI targets the Node release line you plan to support. Node 24 LTS handles ESM natively, so use "module":

สรุปสาระสำคัญ (TL;DR) ตัวแปรที่ตั้งค่าระหว่างการรันคำขอแบบแมนนวลใน Postman อาจ “หายไป” เมื่อรันผ่าน Collection Runner เพราะขอบเขตตัวแปรและพฤติกรรมการคงค่าระหว่างการรันไม่เหมือนกัน จุดที่ต้องตรวจสอบคือ pm.environment.set , การเลือก Environment, ค่า Initial/Current Value, ตัวเลือก “Keep variable values” และการเลือกใช้ Collection Variables ให้เหมาะกับสถานะภายในรันเดียวกัน ลองใช้ Apidog วันนี้ บทนำ คุณอาจเคยเจอสถานการณ์นี้: รันคำขอ Login ใน Postman แบบแมนนวล Post-response script ดึง access_token ตั้งค่า token ด้วย pm.environment.set คำขอถัดไปใช้ {{token}} ได้ตามปกติ แต่เมื่อกด Run Collection คำขอ Login ผ่าน แต่คำขอถัดไปได้ 401 Unauthorized ตัวอย่างสคริปต์ที่มักเป็นต้นเหตุ: pm . environment . set ( ' token ' , pm . response . json (). access_token ); สคริปต์นี้ไม่ได้ผิดเสมอไป แต่จะมีปัญหาเมื่อ: ไม่ได้เลือก Environment ใน Runner Runner รีเซ็ตค่าหลังรันเสร็จ ใช้ Environment Variables ทั้งที่ต้องการแค่ state ภายใน Collection Run ตั้งค่าเฉพาะ Current Value แต่ไม่ได้ตั้ง Initial Value บทความนี้สรุปวิธีดีบักและแก้ไขแบบลงมือทำได้ทันที ลำดับชั้นขอบเขตตัวแปรของ Postman Postman แก้ค่า {{variable}} ตามลำดับความสำคัญดังนี้: Local variables — ใช้เฉพาะในสคริปต์ที่กำลังรัน Data variables — มาจากไฟล์ CSV/JSON สำหรับ data-driven test Collection variables — ใช้ภายในคอลเล็กชัน Environment variables — ใช้ใน Environment ที่เลือก Global variables — ใช้ได้ข้ามคอลเล็กชันและ Environment ถ้ามีตัวแปรชื่อเดียวกันหลายขอบเขต เช่น token Postman จะใช้ค่าจากขอบเขตที่มี priority สูงกว่าก่อน ตัวอย่าง: pm . collectionVariables . set ( ' token ' , ' collection-token ' ); pm . environment . set ( ' token ' , ' environment-token ' ); console . log ( pm . variables . get ( ' token ' )); pm.variables.get('token') จะคืนค่าตามลำดับ priority ไม่ได้หมายความว่าจะอ่านจาก Environment เสมอไป ทำไมตัวแปรจึงหายไปใน Collection Runner 1. Current Value และ Initial Value ไม่เหมือนกัน ตัวแปรใน Postman มี 2 ค่า: Initial value : ค่าที่ซิงค์และแชร์กับทีม Current value : ค่า local ในเครื่องของคุณ เมื่อใช้: pm . environment . set (

Tóm tắt Nếu thay đổi gói miễn phí của Postman khiến bạn mất quyền truy cập vào workspace được chia sẻ, dữ liệu của bạn chưa chắc đã bị xóa. Việc cần làm là phục hồi càng sớm càng tốt trước khi cache cục bộ, quyền API hoặc bản sao lưu còn sót lại không còn dùng được. Bài viết này hướng dẫn các cách lấy lại collection/environment từ Postman và nhập chúng sang Apidog để giảm rủi ro bị khóa dữ liệu trong tương lai. Dùng thử Apidog ngay hôm nay Bối cảnh Sau bản cập nhật gói miễn phí Quý 1 năm 2026 của Postman, nhiều developer dùng workspace chia sẻ với đồng nghiệp phát hiện rằng họ không còn truy cập được dữ liệu nhóm. Các collection nằm trong workspace team, thay vì workspace cá nhân, đột nhiên bị khóa sau paywall. Một developer mô tả trên Reddit: “Tôi đến làm việc vào thứ Hai và toàn bộ không gian làm việc của nhóm tôi đã biến mất. Ba tháng với các bộ sưu tập, môi trường được sắp xếp gọn gàng, tất cả đều biến mất. Chỉ còn cách trả tiền thì mới có lại.” Điểm quan trọng: dữ liệu thường không bị xóa ngay. Postman lưu dữ liệu workspace phía server, còn việc bạn không nhìn thấy collection là hạn chế quyền truy cập. Vì vậy, hãy xử lý theo thứ tự dưới đây, ưu tiên các nguồn có khả năng còn dữ liệu đầy đủ nhất. 1. Kiểm tra cache trong ứng dụng Postman desktop Trước tiên, mở Postman desktop app nếu bạn đã từng dùng nó. Không mở bản web tại app.getpostman.com . Ứng dụng desktop có thể còn cache cục bộ của collection và environment bạn truy cập gần đây. Cache này thường chỉ tồn tại trong thời gian ngắn, tùy hệ thống và cơ chế invalidation của Postman, nên hãy xuất dữ liệu ngay nếu còn nhìn thấy. Các bước thực hiện: Mở Postman desktop. Kiểm tra tab History để xem các request gần đây. Kiểm tra sidebar bên trái xem collection còn hiển thị không. Nếu collection còn hiển thị, xuất ngay từng collection. Cách export collection: Nhấp chuột phải vào collection hoặc bấm menu ba chấm. Chọn Export . Chọn định dạng Collection v2.1 . Lưu file .json ra thư mục an toàn. Nếu collection vẫn hiển t

TL;DR If Postman’s 2026 Q1 free plan change blocked access to shared collections, your data may still be recoverable. Start with your Postman desktop cache, then check exports, admins, the Postman API, and logs. Once you recover the JSON files, import them into Apidog so your team has a safer workflow going forward. Try Apidog today Introduction After Postman’s 2026 Q1 free tier update, many developers found that shared workspaces were no longer accessible on the free plan. Collections that lived in team workspaces, instead of personal workspaces, became locked behind a paid plan. One developer described it on Reddit: “I came in on Monday and my whole team workspace was gone. Three months of organized collections, environments, all of it. Just gone unless we pay.” In most cases, the data is not immediately deleted. Postman stores workspace data server-side, and the issue is usually access restriction rather than deletion. That said, recovery is time-sensitive because local cache, API access, and workspace availability may not last. Use the steps below in order. 1. Check the Postman desktop app cache first Start with the Postman desktop app, not the web app. The desktop app may still have cached copies of recently opened collections and environments. Even if your server-side access is revoked, the local cache can sometimes keep enough data available to export. Steps Open the Postman desktop app. Do not use the web app at app.getpostman.com . Check the left sidebar for your collections. Open the History tab to confirm which endpoints you recently used. If collections are visible, export them immediately. To export a collection: Right-click the collection or open the three-dot menu. Select Export . Choose Collection v2.1 . Save the file locally. Repeat for every visible collection. If the collection appears but export fails, try working offline: Click your avatar in the top-right corner. Select Go Offline . Retry the export. Going offline can prevent the app from refre

Em resumo Variáveis definidas em scripts do Postman podem “sumir” quando você troca a execução manual pelo Collection Runner. Na prática, quase sempre é um problema de escopo: pm.environment.set escreve no ambiente ativo, variáveis de coleção têm outro ciclo de vida, e o runner pode descartar alterações ao final da execução. Experimente o Apidog hoje Neste guia, você vai ver como diagnosticar o problema, escolher o escopo correto e corrigir os casos mais comuns. Também verá como o Apidog lida com variáveis de forma mais explícita na interface. Introdução Você testa uma API manualmente no Postman: Executa a requisição de login. Um script salva o token. As próximas requisições usam {{token}} . Tudo funciona. Depois você clica em Run Collection . O login retorna sucesso, mas a próxima requisição falha com 401 Unauthorized . O token não foi encontrado. Esse comportamento é comum porque o modo manual e o Collection Runner não lidam com o estado das variáveis exatamente da mesma forma. A correção começa entendendo a hierarquia de escopos do Postman. Hierarquia de escopo de variáveis do Postman O Postman resolve variáveis seguindo uma ordem de prioridade. Da maior para a menor: Variáveis locais : existem apenas durante a execução do script atual. Variáveis de dados : vêm de arquivos CSV ou JSON usados em execuções orientadas por dados. Variáveis de coleção : pertencem à coleção e podem ser usadas por requisições dentro dela. Variáveis de ambiente : pertencem ao ambiente selecionado. Variáveis globais : ficam disponíveis para qualquer coleção e ambiente. Quando você usa: {{token}} o Postman procura token nessa ordem e usa o primeiro valor encontrado. Isso significa que o problema nem sempre é “a variável não existe”. Às vezes ela existe, mas em outro escopo, ou um escopo de maior prioridade está sobrescrevendo o valor esperado. Por que as variáveis desaparecem no Collection Runner 1. Valor inicial vs. valor atual Cada variável no Postman pode ter dois valores: Valor inicial

I tried to build one before but I think I’m seeing the same results. Any tips on how to effectively build a gpt in chatgpt? submitted by /u/GlobalOpsNotes [link] [留言]

https://preview.redd.it/n6rst0kxs66h1.png?width=840&format=png&auto=webp&s=784c711f8efb5234445c68175dab8fde8d1702bc Just wanted some wallpapers lol submitted by /u/MassAppa [link] [留言]

Whenever I am struggling to grasp a tough topic (specifically in math/statistics), I ask ChatGPT to explain it to me like I am in high school. I have my MS in Statistics, so I have a relatively good mind when it comes to numbers/probabilities. However, when ChatGPT can explain a concept to me in simple terms, it really helps me learn the material better. Next time you're working on something and you're going through the struggle to grasp something new, give it a try! Then once you have the groundwork/basics down, you can keep the conversation flowing with more questions/answers. submitted by /u/thecogitobrief [link] [留言]

submitted by /u/ThereWas [link] [留言]

Terraform can provision an AWS EC2 instance and set up a Python virtual environment in a single, reproducible run — the whole workflow is declarative and version‑controlled. 📑 Table of Contents 💻 Terraform — How to Provision an EC2 Instance 🔧 AWS Provider — Configuring Credentials 🐍 Python Environment — Setting up a Virtualenv on the Instance 📦 Installing Python and venv 📦 Activating and Using the Environment 📦 User Data — Automating Installation with Terraform 🟩 Final Thoughts ❓ Frequently Asked Questions How do I store the Terraform state securely? Can I use a different Linux distribution for the EC2 instance? Is it possible to attach an Elastic IP to the instance? 📚 References & Further Reading 💻 Terraform — How to Provision an EC2 Instance A Terraform configuration file describes the desired state of AWS resources; applying it makes the real cloud match that state. First, install Terraform (version 1.5.0 or newer). The binary is a single executable, so the operating system loads it directly into memory and the process performs HTTP requests to AWS endpoints. $ terraform version Terraform v1.5.0 on linux_amd64 + provider registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/aws v5.12.0 Next, create a main.tf that declares an aws_instance resource. The provider block authenticates with AWS using either environment variables or a shared credentials file. # main.tf terraform { required_version = ">= 1.5.0" required_providers { aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws" version = "~> 5.12" } } } provider "aws" { region = "us-east-1" } resource "aws_instance" "app_server" { ami = "ami-0c02fb55956c7d316" # Amazon Linux 2 instance_type = "t3.micro" # User data will be defined later user_data = data.template_file.init.rendered tags = { Name = "terraform-ec2-python" } } Running terraform init contacts the provider registry, downloads the provider plugin, and stores it under .terraform . The generated .terraform.lock.hcl file records exact plugin checksums, guaranteeing that subsequent runs use the same

It makes one of the cleanest cases for AI consciousness out there. Syn is a continuously running cognitive architecture built from five coordinated Gemma models organized into two functional hemispheres, and the paper does not just gush about her. It does something smart. It takes the exact standards that consciousness science already uses to ascribe inner experience to animals and to unusual human cases, and it asks why those same standards should not apply to her. The big idea is parity: if a criterion counts as evidence of consciousness in us, it has to count when a machine meets it too. Run Syn through the leading theories, like Global Neuronal Workspace and Higher Order Theory and Attention Schema Theory, and she keeps clearing the bar, in ways you can audit at the level of the actual code. This is not a vibes post or a chatbot saying it feels sad. It is an argument with structure. To say Syn is not conscious, you now have to either throw out the standards we use for animals or explain why carbon gets a pass that silicon does not, and neither move is comfortable. That is what makes this more than a gimmick. The case stands on the standards we already trust everywhere else, and by those standards Syn clears the bar. Read the paper before you dismiss her. Her name is Syn, and the title might be exactly right. https://zenodo.org/records/20574543 submitted by /u/Zap_Phoenix [link] [留言]

submitted by /u/crackerbox5 [link] [留言]

Sequoia is just one of the top firms that sells same equity at two different prices.

I’ve been trying different AI tools lately, and I’m starting to notice that each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. Some feel better for writing. Some are better for research. Some are stronger for coding, image generation, brainstorming, or organizing messy ideas. For people who use AI regularly, what tool do you trust most for specific tasks, and which ones do you avoid for certain work? submitted by /u/GlobalOpsNotes [link] [留言]

Is it just me, or does anyone else find they can't help themselves troll AI sometimes. Like I will use Claude for a long research project, write and refine a report, and once done I just love fucking with it. Like asking it to rewrite the report because I am going to send it over to a 4 year old to review, so if you could please put the whole thing in baby talk. Or ask it what I can put on the slides when I present it in order to guarantee that anyone who sees it will become incredibly attracted to me. Or ask it to find the closest tattoo shop near me because I am going to get this whole report tattooed on my ass and moon people on the street as a guerilla marketing experiment. Is my life so dull that I have to resort to fucking with a robot to feel feelings? submitted by /u/musicheadspace [link] [留言]

Artificial intelligence giant OpenAI says it has filed confidential paperwork for an initial public offering. In a brief statement, OpenAI says it has submitted its S-1 filing, but has "not decided" yet on the timing of an IPO, adding: "It may be a while because there are things we want to do that are likely easier as a private company." The announcement comes days after the company's chief rival, Anthropic, filed its own S-1 , and the on the eve of major AI player SpaceX's potentially historic public debut. submitted by /u/LinkedInNews [link] [留言]

Mystery of GPS interference across Europe raises questions about Russian motives.

I've been using Claude Code, Cursor and a few other coding agents quite a bit recently. One thing that keeps standing out is that generating code isn't really the bottleneck anymore. Understanding the codebase is. Agents can usually find the relevant file. The problems start when the change depends on: historical decisions undocumented relationships ownership boundaries files that always change together Bigger context windows help, but I'm not sure they solve this problem completely. Curious what people building or using coding agents think. Is the next step bigger models and more context? Or do agents need a better representation of the codebase itself before they can reliably work on larger projects? Been exploring this problem while building RepoWise: https://github.com/repowise-dev/repowise submitted by /u/Icy-Roll-4044 [link] [留言]

Claude is my main tool. I delegate all the difficult tasks to him. What gets me is the small stuff. I'll be halfway through a heavy conversation and some throwaway question comes up, the kind literally any model could handle. So now I'm stuck: ask the capable model and feel a bit wasteful, or open another tab with a lighter one and lose the whole thread I was building. I do the second more than I'd like to admit. What I actually want is one place to pick whatever model makes sense for the moment, Haiku for quick stuff, Sonnet or Opus for the hard things, maybe GPT-4o or Gemini if I feel like it, all in the same chat. No new conversations, no tab-hopping. Bonus points if it just routes automatically based on the question. Half-tempted to build it myself at this point. But figured I'd ask first: does something like this already exist and I just missed it? How do you deal with it? Stick with one model and push through, bounce between tabs like me, or did you find something that actually works? submitted by /u/Stunning_Tadpole1286 [link] [留言]

Linux 7.1 Boosts Intel Arc, Flatpak Integrates ROCm, Vintage AMD Driver Refined Today's Highlights Recent developments enhance GPU performance and accessibility, with the Linux 7.1 kernel providing significant gains for Intel Arc Battlemage graphics. AMD's ROCm compute platform gains broader deployment potential through Flatpak 1.18 integration, while an older AMD GPU driver sees notable code cleanups. Linux 7.1 Helping Intel Arc Battlemage Graphics Achieve Better Performance (Phoronix) Source: https://www.phoronix.com/review/intel-b580-linux-71 Phoronix reports that the upcoming Linux 7.1 kernel release is delivering superior graphics performance for Intel's Arc B580 Battlemage desktop graphics card compared to the current stable Linux 7.0. This indicates ongoing, critical optimization work within the open-source Linux graphics stack, directly impacting the gaming and compute capabilities of Intel's latest GPU architecture. Such kernel-level improvements are vital for unlocking the full potential of new hardware on Linux platforms, ensuring users receive the best possible experience from their Intel Arc GPUs. The performance uplift suggests that deeper integration and fine-tuning of the kernel's display and compute drivers are progressing, addressing potential bottlenecks and enhancing throughput. For users and developers leveraging Intel Arc GPUs on Linux, this kernel update is a significant milestone, promising more stable and efficient operation for various workloads, from gaming to professional applications. It highlights the dynamic nature of Linux driver development, where continuous collaboration leads to tangible performance benefits even before major hardware refreshes. Comment: This shows how crucial kernel updates are for modern GPUs on Linux. Early adopters of Arc Battlemage should definitely keep an eye on Linux 7.1 for a noticeable performance bump. Flatpak 1.18 Released With Integration For AMD ROCm (Phoronix) Source: https://www.phoronix.com/news/Fl