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A year ago, "it's just a ChatGPT wrapper" was a dismissal. You'd hear it about a startup and know what it meant: an LLM API call, a little RAG, file upload, a chat box on top. Thin. Replaceable. Probably dead the next time the base model shipped a feature. I keep coming back to that phrase, because it stopped being true in a way I didn't notice happening. The thing you'd be wrapping is no longer a model with a chat UI. It's a fast, stateful web application with its own agent loop, its own sandbox, its own artifact system. The wrapper didn't get easier to build as the models got better. It got heavier . The simple interface hides the hard part. A ChatGPT-shaped product is not just an API call with a chat box around it; it's the accumulation of many product and infrastructure decisions that make execution feel safe, stateful, and immediate. The model is the part you can buy. The surrounding runtime is the part people had to design. What gets me is the timescale. It's been roughly a year, and the question actually worth arguing about has moved out from under us — from "is this just a wrapper?" to "where does the sandbox even run?" The pace is faster than I can comfortably track. And the part I keep finding fun is that it all bends toward the practical, not away from it: every one of these shifts makes the tools more usable, more real, closer to something you'd actually ship. Surprising and, honestly, a good time to be building. This isn't a "wrappers are over" argument, and it isn't advice. It's me writing down where my thinking has drifted while trying to build these things myself — partly so I can find out where it's wrong. Read it as one person's notes. What "wrapper" used to mean The old shape was honestly small. Roughly: prompt → LLM API → (RAG retrieval) → response + file parsing on the side The whole game was prompt design, a retrieval index, and some glue. You could stand it up in a weekend. The reason "wrapper" was an insult is that the surface area was tiny —

An innovative Moroccan platform for finding, renting, and selling real estate, offering a simple and seamless experience tailored to the local market. Challenge Launch Sarout.ma, an innovative Moroccan platform dedicated to searching, renting and selling real estate, on an ultra-competitive market dominated by a few historical players often criticized for dated ergonomics and uneven listing quality. The challenge: build an intuitive, modern real estate marketplace able to connect individual owners, agencies and tenants across all of Morocco — Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech, Tangier, Agadir — with clear navigation and smart search. It also required enriched, geolocated listings updated in real time, and a journey differentiated by user profile (searcher, owner, professional agency). Solution Development of a site with a clean, fully responsive interface, designed mobile-first since most real estate searches in Morocco happen on smartphones. Integration of advanced dynamic filters (city, neighborhood, price, surface, number of rooms, property type, furnished/unfurnished) with instant result refresh. Listing management via a complete owner dashboard: creation, editing, view statistics, photo management with multi-upload and automatic compression, scheduling of paid promotions. Each property page has an SEO-optimized URL, rich descriptive content, precise geolocation on an interactive map, and the option to directly request a viewing. SEO architecture focused on local ranking: category pages per city and neighborhood, Schema.org RealEstateListing markup, dynamic sitemap. Email alert system for saved searches, listing moderation, and a professional agency dashboard for premium accounts. Results A high-performing, accessible real estate portal that significantly simplifies property search for individuals and strengthens listing visibility across Morocco. The interface fluidity stands out in a market where competition remains rough around the edges. Steady growth in publishe

Lab 1 – Linux Navigation & Files (20 points) Task 1 Create the following structure. /home/student/ ├── project │ ├── logs │ ├── scripts │ └── backup Requirements create all directories create app.log error.log install.sh inside correct folders. Task 2 Move app.log into backup Task 3 Delete error.log Task 4 Find install.sh using only one command. Lab 2 – Permissions (20 points) Create secret.txt Requirements Owner read/write Group read Others no access Verify permissions. Create a new user developer Switch to that user. Can the user read secret.txt Explain why. Lab 3 – Processes (20 points) Start a process Example sleep 500 Questions Find PID Kill the process Verify it stopped. Bonus Find the top five processes using the most memory. Lab 4 – Disk Space (20 points) Create a directory practice Generate a file about 100 MB. Questions How much disk space is used? How much free disk space remains? Which command shows directory size? Lab 5 – Networking (30 points) Find Your hostname private IP default gateway DNS server Ping 8.8.8.8 Questions Did it work? Ping google.com If this fails but 8.8.8.8 works, what is the problem? Display All listening ports. What service is listening on port 22? Lab 6 – Troubleshooting (40 points) Scenario 1 A user says "Internet is not working." Show the commands you would run. Expected ideas ip addr ping 8.8.8.8 ping google.com ip route cat /etc/resolv.conf Explain each step. Scenario 2 A website is down. Questions How do you verify server is running? nginx is running? port 80 is listening? firewall issue? logs? Commands should include systemctl status nginx journalctl -u nginx ss -tuln curl localhost systemctl restart nginx Scenario 3 SSH stopped working. How would you troubleshoot? Expected ping server ssh localhost systemctl status ssh ss -tulpn journalctl -xe systemctl restart ssh Lab 7 – Mixed Practical (Best Assessment) Tell students: You are the new Junior DevOps Engineer. The manager asks you to prepare a server. Complete all tasks. Ta

The company says the increases are being driven by rising memory and console storage prices, with costs more than 2.5x higher than previous levels.

Cloudflare has recently shared how they uncovered an issue in their Rust implementation of CUBIC, a congestion controller algorithm, which prevented it from recovering from a scenario of heavy packet loss at the start of a connection. By Gianmarco Nalin

At the right point of the orbit and stellar cycle, the star's chromosphere brightens.

We're all trying to find the guy who did this.

Microsoft is increasing the prices of Xbox consoles again. Starting August 1st, 512GB models will be $100 more expensive, while 1TB models will be $150 more expensive. This means that the Xbox Series S will start at $499.99, the Xbox Series X without a disc drive will start at $749.99, and the Series X with […]

Market research company Klue told customers that it believes the hacking group that stole their data is now deleting it. The company, however, warned about a second group of hackers wanting ransom.

A follow-up to Part 1 ( EN on LinkedIn · RU on Habr ), where we stood up a two-tier PKI: a Root CA and three intermediate CAs — Person, Server and Code. At the end of Part 1 I promised we'd learn to revoke certificates and run OCSP. That's what we'll do here. Like Part 1, this article is meant as a hands-on manual : for every command and extension we touch, there's an extended reference of the parameters you can actually use — with syntax, allowed values, defaults and gotchas. If you don't need a given option right now, just skim past the table; it's there so you don't have to dig through man later. Each section has the same shape: first the working commands for the common case, then the full parameter reference. Tested on versions. Flag names, defaults and extension syntax were verified against the official documentation of OpenSSL master , plus nginx and Apache mod_ssl. OpenSSL evolves per branch: anything marked "OpenSSL 4.0 / master" (for example the nonss qualifier on authorityKeyIdentifier ) is not yet available in the stable 3.x line. If you're on OpenSSL 3.0–3.6, double-check the disputed options with openssl <cmd> --help or your version's man before copy-pasting config. The numeric openssl verify error codes above 40 also shifted between branches — confirm them against your version's header. In this part: How a revoked certificate differs from an expired one, and why we need two mechanisms — CRL and OCSP. Adding the distribution points (CDP) and AIA to the config so issued certificates "tell" verifiers where to check them. Revoking a certificate and working with the CA database. Generating a CRL and inspecting it with openssl crl . Checking revocation with openssl verify . Running an OCSP responder: issuing its certificate, starting the daemon, querying status. Publishing the CRL and OCSP over HTTP (nginx), configuring OCSP stapling and revocation checking on the web server. All paths, file names and config sections are the same as in Part 1. Where you name

The Department of Transportation wants to remove the brake-pedal requirement for vehicles "designed to be driven exclusively by automated driving systems."

Colossal Biosciences will be biobanking tissues from all of them as well.

It’s day three of Prime Day, folks. We’re nearly 75 percent of the way through Amazon’s four-day sales event, and unsurprisingly, many deals are still sticking around. There have been all kinds of discounts on things like TVs, smart home gadgets, chargers, headphones, and more. Prime Day typically isn’t as big of a deal as […]

Over the past few months, I've been building a gaming website focused on Elden Ring guides, calculators, and tools. While the project started as a simple hobby, it quickly became an interesting experiment in SEO, content strategy, and web development. Here are some lessons I learned along the way. Building the Site Was Easier Than Getting Traffic Launching a website with Next.js was straightforward. Getting visitors was much harder. Many developers underestimate how competitive search traffic can be, especially in gaming niches where large sites already dominate search results. Publishing a website is only the first step. Why I Chose Next.js The project uses: Next.js TypeScript React Tailwind CSS The biggest advantage was SEO. Server-side rendering and static generation helped ensure that search engines could easily crawl and index pages. Performance was also excellent compared to many traditional CMS solutions. Tools Attract Different Users Than Articles One interesting discovery was that calculators and interactive tools behave differently from standard content pages. For example: Guides answer questions. Tools solve problems. A player may read a guide once, but they might return to a calculator dozens of times while planning different character builds. This makes tools valuable long-term traffic assets. Internal Linking Matters More Than Expected When new content was published, internal links helped search engines discover and understand related pages. For example: Build guides linked to calculators. Calculator pages linked to stat guides. Stat guides linked to weapon builds. This created a stronger topical structure around the Elden Ring ecosystem. Search Traffic Takes Time One of the biggest lessons was patience. Many pages received: Zero impressions Zero clicks No rankings for days or even weeks. Then suddenly search impressions started increasing as Google tested pages across different queries. Traffic growth was rarely linear. Content Clusters Work Well Inst

Live demo: https://safestate.vercel.app , code: https://github.com/usv240/safestate A product recall today is basically a notice. It lives on a webpage, or a PDF, or an email that somebody is supposed to read. Say the problem out loud and it gets uncomfortable fast. A recalled crib can be listed and sold to another family, and nobody in that sale ever sees the recall. Reselling recalled goods is actually illegal, and recalled infant products have killed kids. I spent this hackathon building something to close that gap. I called it SafeState, and the idea is small: make the recall do something. When a second-hand item is listed or sold, the marketplace checks SafeState first, and recalled units get blocked right at checkout. It is precise down to the serial number, so safe units still sell. It runs on the stack this hackathon is about. A Next.js front end on Vercel, with Amazon Aurora DSQL behind it. Why DSQL is the whole point here The promise SafeState has to keep is this: the moment a recall lands in any region, no marketplace anywhere should ever read that product as "safe" again. That is a strong consistency problem, not a nice-to-have. If there is any window where a recalled product still looks safe, that is exactly when it gets sold. An eventually consistent store or a nightly sync leaves that window open. DSQL's active-active, multi-region setup with strong consistency is what closes it. I set up a real peered cluster across us-east-1 and us-east-2, with us-west-2 as the witness. Write a recall through one region's endpoint and you can read it back from the other region right away. There is a page in the app that lets you run that yourself. The one trick that makes it work DSQL runs on snapshot isolation (PostgreSQL REPEATABLE READ) with optimistic concurrency. It catches write-write conflicts at commit time. Snapshot isolation will not protect you from write skew, so I had to design around that. To guarantee that a recall and a sale of the same product actua

Right now he's merely a several-hundred-billionaire, according to Bloomberg's Billionaires Index.

The silicon race is heating up amid the struggle to keep up with demand.

According to a new site, 24% of the most popular websites in the world don't offer support for passkeys, which are considered the most secure way to log in to apps and services.

Recently, we encountered a case on a RHEL 9 machine where an RPM query did not show any information about installed package even though the package files were present in the filesystem. Although RPM reported that the package was not installed, I was still able to run tcpdumpcommand and use it without any issues. The binary was present there in the filesystem and I was able to run it successfully. Fixing RPM Database Desynchronization on RHEL - bidhankhatri.com.np Recently, we encountered a case on a RHEL 9 machine where an RPM query did not show any information about installed package even though the package files were present in the filesystem. bidhankhatri.com.np

The tokenmaxxing era was brief. We now appear to be entering the era of token rationing.